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Suggested Citation:"Developmental Toxicity." National Research Council. 2000. Submarine Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons: HFC-236fa, HFC-23,and HFC-404a. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9815.
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HYDROFLUOROCARBON-236FA 20 20,000 and 50,000-ppm groups. Although considered exposure related, these changes are not considered to be of toxicological significance. Decreases in total protein and albumin and alterations in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were also detected but were not dose related. Changes in some serum electrolyte concentrations were not considered to be biologically relevant. Urinalysis revealed no biologically relevant findings. There was no definitive evidence for induction of hepatic peroxisomes in rats following discontinuous subchronic exposure to HFC-236fa at concentrations as high as 50,000 ppm. Reproductive Toxicity There are no reports of reproductive toxicity studies in animals for HFC-236fa. Developmental Toxicity Two developmental toxicity studies (one in rats and one in rabbits) were conducted in animals to examine the developmental effects of HFC-236fa. The highest concentration tested in these studies—50,000 ppm—was the highest that could be attained without supplementing chamber oxygen. Munley (1995) administered HFC-236fa by inhalation to pregnant rats at concentrations of 0, 5,000, 20,000 and 50,000 ppm for 6 hr per day from days 7 to 16 of gestation. The study was terminated on day 22 of gestation. At 20,000 and 50,000 ppm, there were significant dose-related decreases in maternal body- weight gain over the first 2 days of inhalation exposures. At 50,000 ppm, that was accompanied by significant reduction in food consumption and diminished alerting responses during the inhalation exposures. No evidence of maternal toxicity was detected at 5,000 ppm. There was no evidence of developmental toxicity in the fetuses at any exposure concentration tested. Munley (1996) exposed pregnant New Zealand rabbits (20 per group) to HFC-236fa by inhalation at daily (6 hr per day) exposure concentrations of 0, 5,000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm on days 7 to 19 of gestation. Does were killed on day 29, and fetuses were weighed and examined for external, internal, and skeletal abnormalities. There was no evidence of any maternal or developmental toxicity at any exposure concentration tested. There were no compound-related effects on maternal body weight, weight change,

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As part of the effort to phase out the use of stratospheric ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the U.S. Navy is considering hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as replacements for the CFC refrigerants used aboard its submarines. Before using the HFCs, the Navy plans to set emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) to protect submariners from health effects that could occur as a result of accidental releases or slow leaks.

In this report, the Subcommittee on Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons of the National Research Council's (NRC 's) Committee on Toxicology independently reviews the scientific validity of the Navy's proposed 1-hr and 24-hr EEGLs and 90-day CEGLs for two of the candidate refrigerants-HFC-236fa and HFC-404a. In addition, the subcommittee reviews the the EEGLs and CEGL for HFC-23, one of the combustion products of HFC-236fa. This NRC report is intended to aid the Navy in using HFCs safely.

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