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Suggested Citation:"SUMMARY." National Research Council. 2000. Submarine Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons: HFC-236fa, HFC-23,and HFC-404a. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9815.
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HYDROFLUOROCARBON-236FA 21 or food consumption or in clinical observations or post-mortem findings. There were no compound-related developmental effects. The end points evaluated were mean fetal weight, mean litter size, pre- and post-implantation embryo lethality, and fetal malformations and variations. Genotoxicity Bentley (1995a) evaluated HFC-236fa (concentrations ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000 ppm) for clastogenic activity in human lymphocytes in vitro following 3-hr exposures with and without metabolic activations (S9). No increases in the percent of chromosomally abnormal cells occurred at any HFC-236fa concentration evaluated, and no concentration-related trends in chromosomal-aberration induction were observed. An inhalation micronucleus study was conducted in male and female mice exposed to HFC-236fa at 0, 5,000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm for 6 hr per day for 2 consecutive days. Bone-marrow smears were prepared approximately 24 and 48 hr after the second exposure (Bentley 1995b). No statistically significant increases in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in any animal at any concentration tested. HFC-236fa was also evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA97, and TA98 and in Escherichia coli WPSuvrA-(pKM101) with and without an exogenous metabolic activation system (S9) (Bentley 1995c). At concentrations tested between 0 and 1,000,000 ppm, no evidence of mutagenic activity was detected in either of two independent trials. On the basis of the available data, the subcommittee concludes that HFC-236fa is not genotoxic and is unlikely to induce heritable effects in humans Carcinogenicity No chronic carcinogenicity exposure studies of HFC-236fa are currently available. SUMMARY Studies on the metabolism and disposition of HFC-236fa indicate that HFC-236fa is not metabolized to any significant extent. PB-PK modeling us

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As part of the effort to phase out the use of stratospheric ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the U.S. Navy is considering hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as replacements for the CFC refrigerants used aboard its submarines. Before using the HFCs, the Navy plans to set emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) to protect submariners from health effects that could occur as a result of accidental releases or slow leaks.

In this report, the Subcommittee on Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons of the National Research Council's (NRC 's) Committee on Toxicology independently reviews the scientific validity of the Navy's proposed 1-hr and 24-hr EEGLs and 90-day CEGLs for two of the candidate refrigerants-HFC-236fa and HFC-404a. In addition, the subcommittee reviews the the EEGLs and CEGL for HFC-23, one of the combustion products of HFC-236fa. This NRC report is intended to aid the Navy in using HFCs safely.

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