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14/ See reference 1. 15/ See reference 1. 16/ See reference 1. 17/ National Center for Health Statistics. Basic Data on Dental Examination Findings of Persons 1-74 Years, United States, 1971-74. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (RANES). Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 214, 1979; and National Center for Health Statistics, Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, unpublished data. 18/ See reference 2. 19/ National Center for Health Statistics. Current Estimates from the Health Interview Survey, U.S., 1975. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 115, 1975. 20/ National Center for Health Statistics. Dental Visits, Time Interval Since Last Visit, United States, July 1963-June 1964. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 29, 1966. 21/ National Center for Health Statistics. Current Estimates from the Health Interview Survey, United States, 1969. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 63, 1969. 22/ National Center for Health Statistics. Current Estimates from the Health Interview Survey, United States, 1973. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 95, 1973. 23/ National Center for Health Statistics. Current Estimates from the Health Interview Survey, United States, 1973. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 95, 1973. 24/ National Center for Health Statistics. Current Estimates from the Health Interview Survey, U.S., 1976. Vital and TTealth Statistics, Series 10, No. 95, 1973. 25/ See reference 20. _ / National Center for Health Statistics. Volume of Dental Visits, United States, July 1963-June 1964. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 23, 1965. _ / National Center for Health Statistics. Dental Visits: Volume and tional Center for Health Statistics. Dental Visits: Volume and Interval Since Last Visit, United States, 1969. Vital and Realth Statistics, Series 10, No. 76. 110
28/ See reference 3. 29/ See reference 19. _ / See reference 20. _ / See reference 26. 32/ See reference 2. 33/ See reference 3. 34/ See reference 20. _ / See reference 7. _ / See reference 26. 37/ See reference 2. _ / See reference 26. _ / See reference 3. _ / See reference 20. 41/ See reference 11. 42/ See reference 26. 43/ See reference 12. 44/ Salber, E.J.; Greene, S.B.; Feldman, J.J.; and Hunter, G. Access to Health Care in a Southern Rural Community. Med Care 14:971-986, December 1976. _ / National Center for Health Statistics. Unpublished Data from the Health Interview Survey, Source P-7703, United States, 1977. 46/ Douglass, C.W. and Cole, K.O. Utilization of Dental Services in the United States. J Dent Educ 43:223-238, April 1979. 47/ See reference 9. _ / See reference 44. 49/ See reference 3. _ / See reference 26. 111
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90/ Kirscht, J.P.; Haefner, D.P.; Kegeles, S.S.; and Rosenstock, I.M. A National Study of Health Beliefs. J filth Hum Beh 7:248-254, Winter 1966. 91/ See reference 12. 92/ See reference 12. 93/ Darley, F.L. Diagnosis and Appraisal of Communication Disorders. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1964 94/. Personal communication with T. McKiver, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of North Carolina Dental School, July 1977. 95/ Jensen, R. Anterior Teeth Relationship and Speech. Acta Radiol Supplement, 276, Stockholm, 1968, pp. 62-69. 96/ MacGregor, F.C. Some Psycho-social Problems Associated with Facial Deformities. Am Sociol Rev 16:629-38, 1951. 97/ Richardson, S.A.; Goodman, N.; Hastorf, A.H.; and Dornsbush, S. Cultural Uniformity in Reaction to Physical Disabilities. Am Sociol Rev 26:241-47, 1961. 98/ Berschied, E. and Walster, E. Beauty and the Best, Psych Today 5:42- 46, 74, March 1972. 99/ Davis, F. Deviance Disavowal: The Management of Strained Inter- action by the Visibly Handicapped. Soc Prob 9:120-32, Fall 1961. 100/ Goffman, E. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1963. 101/ Wictorin, L.; Hillerstrom, K.; and Sorensen, S. Biological and Psycho-social Factors in Patients with Malformation of the Jaws: A Study of 95 Patients Prior to Treatment. Scand J of Plast and Reconst Surg 3:138-43, 1969. 102/ Peters, J.P. _ al. Sociological Aspects of Cleft Palate Adults: IV Social Integration. Cleft Pal 12:304-10, 1975. 103/ National Academy of Sciences. Seriously Handicapping Orthodontic Conditions. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1976. 104/ Giddon, D.B.; Rude, C.M.; and Belton, D.E. Psychological Problems of the Physically Handicapped Patient. Int Dent J 25:199-205, 1975. 105/ Burnett, G.W.; Scherp, H.W. ; and Shuster, G. S. Oral Microbiology and Infectious Disease. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1976. 106/ See reference 1. 114
107/ See reference 1. 108/ National Center for Health Statistics. Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Among Children, United States. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 106, 1971. 109/ National Center for Health Statistics. Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Among Youths, 12-17 Years. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 144, 1974. 110/ See reference 108. 111/ See reference ~ 112/ See reference 1. 113/ See reference 1. 114/ Ludwig, T.G. The Hastings Fluoridation Project V--Dental Effects Between 1954 and 1964, NZ Dent J 61:175-179, 1965. 115/ Arnold, F.A.; Dean, H.T.; Jay, P.; and Knutson, J.W. Effect of Fluoridated Public Water Supplies and Dental Caries Prevalence. Pub Hlth Rep 71:652-658, 1956. 116/ Arnold, F.A.; Likins, R.C.; Russell, A.L.; and Scott, D.B. Fifteenth Year of the Grand Rapids Fluoridation Study. JAT)A 65:780- 785, 1962. 117/ Ast, D.B. and Fitzgerald, B. Effectiveness of Water Fluoridation. JADA 65:581-587, 1962. 118/ Committee on Research into Fluoridation. The Fluoridation Studies in the United Kinadom and the Results Achieved After E levee Years. . London: HMSO, 1969. 119/ Murray, J.J. Fluorides in Caries Prevention. Bristol: John . . . Wright & Sons, 1969. 120/ Carlos, J.P., ed. Prevention and Oral Health. Conference sponsored by the Fogarty International Center and National Institutes of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland. DREW Publication No. (NIH) 74-707, 1974. 121/ The Present and Future Prospects for the Prevention of the Principal Oral Diseases. Report prepared by the staff of the Dental Research Institute, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston. In Healthy People: The Surgeon General s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, DlIEW Publication No. 79-55071A, 1979. 115
122/ Burt, B., ed. The Relative Efficiency of Methods of Caries Prevention in Dental Public Health. Proceedings of a workshop at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan' June 5-8' 1978. 123/ General Accounting Office. Reducing Tooth Decay--More Empahsis on Fluoridation Needed. Report to the Congress of the United States by the Comptroller General. Washington, D.C.: General Accounting Office, April 1979. 124/ See reference 123. 125/ Horowitz, H.S.; Heifetz, S.B.; Law, F.E.; and Driscoll, W.S. School Fluoridation Studies in Elk Lake, Pennsylvania, and Pike County, Kentucky--Results After Eight Years. Am J Pub Hlth 58:2240-2250, 1968. 126/ Horowitz, H.S. Fluoridating School Water Supplies. In Internatonal Symposium on Fluoridation and Preventive Dentistry, pp. 79-87, Washington, D.C.: Public Health Service, 1969. 127/ Yacovone, J.A. and Lisanti, V.F. Effect of Part-time Exposure to Natural Water-borne Fluorides on the Incidence of Dental Caries. Arch Oral Biol 1:265-275, 1960. 128/ Bushel, A. and Smith, D.J. Newburgh-Kingston Fluorine Study X-- Dental Findings for 17 Year Old Group After Nine Years of Fluorine Experience. NYJ Dent 25:215-218, 1955. 129/ Horowitz, H.S.; Law, F.E.; and Prtizker, T. Effect of School Water Fluoridation on Dental Caries, St. Thomas, V.I. Pub filth Rep 80:381- 388, 1965. 130/ See reference 115. 131/ Heifetz, S.B.; Horowitz, H.S.; and Driscoll, W.S. Effect on School Water Fluoridation on Dental Caries: Results in Seagrove, N.E. after Eight Years. JADA 97:193-196, August 1978. 132/ Burk, D. and Yiamouyiannis, J. Fluoridation and Cancer. Congressional Record 121:7172-7176, July 21, 1975. 133/ Yiamouyiannis, J. and Burk D. Cancer From Our Drinking Water? Congressional Record 121:12731-34, December 16, 1975. 134/ Doll, R. and Kunlen, L. Fluoridation of Water and Cancer Mortality in the U.S.A. Lance t 1:1300-02, June 18, 1977. 135/ Hoover, R.N.; McKay, F.W.; and Farumeni, J.F. Jr. Fluoridated Drinking Water and the Occurrence of Cancer. J Nat Canc Inst 57:757-68, 1976. 116
136/ Erickson, J.D. Mortality in Selected Cities with Fluoridated and Non-Fluoridated Water Supplies. NF.JM 298:1112-16, May 18, 1978. 137/ See reference 122. 138/ See reference 122. 139/ See reference 122. 140/ Heifetz, S.B.; Franchi, G.J.; Mosley, G.W.; MacDougall, O.; and Brunell, J. Combined Anticariogenic Effect of Fluoride Gel-tray and Fluoride Mouthrinsing in an Optimally Fluoridated Community. Clin P rev Dent 1:21-28, January-February 1979. 141/ See reference 122. 142/ See reference 120. 143/ See reference 121. 144/ See reference 132. 145/ See reference 122. 146/ Horowitz, H.S.; Heifetz, S.B.; Meyers, R.J.; Driscoll, W.S.; and Korts, D.C. Evaluation of a Combination of Self-administered Fluoride Procedures for the Control of Dental Caries in a Nonfluoride Area: Findings After Four Years. JADA 98:219-223, February 1979. 147/ See reference 148/ See reference 149/ See reference 150/ See reference 151/ See reference 152/ Bo 122. 122. 120. 121. 120. janini, J.; Garces, H.; McCune, R.J.; and Pineda, A. Effective- ness of Pit and Fissure Sealants in the Prevention of Caries. J Preven Dent 3:31-34, November-December 1976. 153/ Brooks, J.D.; Mertz-Fairhurst, E.J.; Della-Guistina, V.E.; Fairhurst, C.W.; and Williams, J.E. A Comparative Study of the Retention of Two Pit and Fissure Sealants: One-year Results. J Preven Dent 3:43-46, September-October 1976. 154/ Buonocore, M.G. Adhesive Sealing of Pits and Fissures for Caries Prevention, With Use of Ultraviolet Light. JADA 80:324-328, February 1970. 117
155/ Gourley, J.M. A Two-year Study of a Fissure Sealant in Two Nova Scotia Communities. J Pub Health Dent 35:132-137, Spring 1975. 156/ McCune, R.J.; Horowitz, H.S.; {leifetz, S.B.; and Cvar, J. Pit and Fissure Sealants: One-year Results From a Study in Kalispell, Montana. JADA 87:1177-1180, November 1973. 157/ Ripa, L.W. and Cole, W.W. Occlusal Sealing and Caries Prevention: Results 12 Months After a Single Application of Adhesive Resin. J Dent Res 49:171-172, February 1970. 158/ Rock, W.P. Fissure Sealants: Results Obtained with Two Different Bis-GMA Type Sealants. Oral Health 63:9-12, December 1973. 159/ See reference 122. 160 / Heifetz, S.B.; Bagramian, R.A.; Suomi, J.D.; and Segreto, V.A. Programs for the Mass Control of Plaoue In Annrni.~l .T P',h Hlth Dent 33:91-95, 1973 161/ Lindhe, J. and Axelsson, P. The Effect of Controlled Oral Hygiene and Topical Fluoride Application on Caries and Gingivitis in Swedish School-children. Comm Dent and Oral Epi 1:9-16, 1973. Axelsson, P. and Lindhe, J. The Effect of a Preventive Program on Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, and Caries in Schoolchildren--Results after One and Two Years. J Clin Periodont 1:126-138, 1974. 162/ 163/ Lindhe, J.; Axelsson, P.; and Tollskog, G. Effect of Proper Oral Hygiene on Gingivitis and Dental Caries in Swedish Schoolchildren. Comm Dent and Oral Epi 6:17-23, 1978. 164/ Hamp, S.E.; Lindhe, J.; Fornell, J.; Johansson, L.A.; and Karlsson, R. Effect of a Field Program Based on Systematic Plaque Control on Caries and Gingivitis in Schoolchildren after Three Years. CoTnm Dent Oral Epi 6:17-23, 1978. 165/ See reference 122. 166/ Gustafsson, B.E.; Quensel, C.E.; and Lanke, L.S. The Vipeholm Dental Caries Study: The Effect of Different Levels of Carbohy- drate Intake on Caries Activity in 436 Individuals Observed for 5 Years. Acta Odont Scand 11:232-364, 1954. 167/ Bibby, B.G. The Cariogenicity of Snack Foods and Confections. JADA 90:121-132, January 1975. 168/ See reference 122. 169/ See reference 122. 118
170/ Pelton, W.J.; Dunbar, J.B.; McMillan, R.S.; Moller, P.; and Wolff, A.E. The Epidemiology of Oral Health. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1969. 171/ See reference 105. 172/ Socransky, S.S. Relationship of Bacteria to the Etiology of Perio- dontal Disease. J Dent Res (Suppl. to No. 2) 49:203-222, 1970. 173/ Arno A.; Waerhaug, J.; Lovdal, A.; and Schel, O. Incidence of Gingivitis as Related to Sex, Occupation, Tobacco Consumption, Toothbrushing, and Age. Oral Surg, Oral Med. Oral Path 11:587-595, 1958. 174/ O'Leary, T.J.; Shannon, J.L.; and Prigmore, J.R. Clinical Correla- tions and Systemic Status in Periodontal Disease, J So Calif Dent Assn 30:47, 1962. 175/ Ash, M.M., Jr.; Gitlin, B.N.; and Smith, W.A. Correlation Between Plaque and Gingivitis, J Periodont 35: 424-429, 1964 . 176 Schultz-Haudt, S. and Scherp, H.~. Lysis of Collagen by Human Gingival Bacteria. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 89:697-700, 1955. 177/ Dewar, M.R. Bacterial Enzymes and Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 37:100-106, 1958. 178/ Gibbons, R.J. and MacDonald, J.B. Degradation of Collagenous Substrates by Bacteroides Melaninogenicus. J Bacteriol 81:614-621, 196 1. 179/ Fullmer, H.M. and Gibson, W. Collagenolytic Activity in Gingivae of Man, Nature 209:728-729, February 1966. 180/ Beutner, E.H.; Triftshauser, C.; and Hazen, S.P. Collagenase Activity of Gingival Tissue from Patients with Periodontal Diseases. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 121:1082-1085, 1966. 181/ Bennick, A. and Hunt, A.M. Collagenolytic Activity in Oral Tissues, Arch Oral Biol 12:1-9, 1967. 182/ See reference 121. 183/ Socransky, S.S. Microbiology of Periodontal Disease--Present Status and Future Considerations. J Periodont 48:497-504, 1977. 184/ See reference 172. 185/ Gorlin, R.J.; Stallard, R.E.; and Shapiro, B.L. Genetics and Periodontal Disease. J Periodont 38:5-10, 1967. 119
186/ Nizel, A.E. Nutrition in Preventive Dentistry: Science and Practice. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1972 187/ The Etiology of Periodontal Disease. In World Workshop in Periodontics. Ramfjord, S.P.; Kerr, D.A.; and Ash, M.M. eds. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, 1966. 188/ Rovin, S.; Costich, E.R.; and Gordon, H.A. The Influence of - Bacteria and Irritation in the Initiation of Periodontal Disease in Germfree and Conventional Rats. J Periodont Res 1:193-203, 1966. 189/ Waerhaug, J. Effect of Rough Surfaces Upon Gingival Tissue. J Dent Res 35:323-325, 1956. 190/ Waerhaug, J. Effect of Zinc Phosphate Cement Fillings on Gingival Tissues, J Periodont 27:284-290, 1956. 191/ Waerhaug, J. Observations on Replanted Teeth Plated with Gold Foil. Oral Surg, Oral Med. ()ral_Path 9:780-791, 1956. 192/ Waerhaug, J. Tissue Reaction on Metal Wires in Healthy, Gingival Pockets. J Periodont 28:239, 1957. 193/ Waerhaug, J. Histologic Considerations Which Govern Where the Margins of Restorations Should Be in Relation to Gingiva. D Clin N Amer 161, March 1960. . 194/ Russel, A.L. A System of Classification and Scoring for Prevalence Surveys of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 35:350-359, 1956. 195/ Greene, J.C. and Vermillion, J.R. The Oral Hygiene Index: A Method for Classifying Oral Hygiene Status. JAVA 61:172-179, August 1960. 196/ See reference 1. 197/ See reference 194. 198/ Ramf jord, S.P. ; Knowles, J.Fl. ; Nissle, R.R. ; Shick, R.A. ; and Burgett, F.G. Longitudinal Study of Periodontal Therapy. J Periodont 44:66-77, February 1973. 199/ Hirschfeld, L. and Wasserman, B. A Long-term Survey of Tooth Loss in 600 Treated Periodontal Patients. J Periodont 49:225-237, Flay 1978. 200/ Keyes, P.H.; Wright, W.E.; and Howard, S.A. The Use of Phase- contrast Microscopy and Chemotherapy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodontal Lesions--An Initial Report. Quintessence Int 9:69-76, February 1978. 120
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215/ Hofbeche, J.D.; Ruljancich, M.K.; and Reade, P.C. A Clinical Trial of the Efficacy of a Cetylpyridinium Chloride-based Mouthwash I: Effect on Plaque Accumulation and Gingival Condition. Aust Dent J 20:397-404, December 1975. 216/ See reference 1. 217/ Greene, J.C. The Case for Preventive Periodontics. J Dent Child, 42: 24-27, January-February 1975. 218/ See reference 170. 219/ See reference 170. 220/ Moyers, R.E. and Jay, P. eds. Orthodontics in Mid-century. Louis, Missouri: C.V. Mosby, Co., 1959. 221/ National Center for Health Statistics. An Assessment of Occlusion of the Teeth of Children 6-11 Years. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 130, November 1973. 222/ Morris, A.L., Chairman, National Research Council Study of Seriously Handicapping Orthodontic Conditions. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1976. 223/ See reference 103. 224/ See reference 221. 225/ See reference 221. 226/ See reference 103. - 227/ Dunning, J.M. Principles of Dental Public Health (3rd ed.~. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979. 228/ Finn, S.B. Clinical Pedodontics (3rd ed.~. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1967. 229/ See reference 22? 230/ American Dental Association. Bureau of Economic Research and ~ , Statistics The 1977 Survey of Dental Practice. Chicago: American Dental Association, 1978. 122
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