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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

AFTER-SCHOOL PROGRAMS TO PROMOTE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP

Committee on Community-Level Programs for Youth

Jennifer Appleton Gootman, Editor

Board on Children, Youth, and Families

Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

National Research Council and

Institute of Medicine

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

The study was supported by Grant No. 99-7990 between the National Academy of Sciences and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

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Suggested citation: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2000) After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Committee on Community-Level Programs for Youth. J.A. Gootman, ed. Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Research Council

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

COMMITTEE ON COMMUNITY-LEVEL PROGRAMS FOR YOUTH

JACQUELYNNE ECCLES (Chair),

Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan

CHERYL ALEXANDER,

School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University

BRETT BROWN,

Child Trends, Inc., Washington, D.C.

SARAH BROWN,

National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, Washington, D.C.

KENYON CHAN,

College of Liberal Arts, Loyola Marymount University

ELIZABETH COLSON,

Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley

THOMAS COOK,

Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University

PETER EDELMAN,

Georgetown University Law Center

CASWELL EVANS,

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

RONALD FERGUSON,

John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

ROBERT GRANGER,

Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York, N.Y.

TERESA LAFROMBOISE,

School of Education, Stanford University

REED LARSON,

Department of Human and Community Development, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

MILBREY McLAUGHLIN,

School of Education, Stanford University

ROBERT PLOTNICK,

School of Public Affairs, University of Washington

ZENA STEIN,

Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University

Jennifer A. Gootman, Study Director

Amy Gawad, Research Assistant

Drusilla Barnes, Senior Project Assistant

Elena Nightingale, Scholar-in-Residence

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

FORUM ON ADOLESCENCE 1999-2000

DAVID A. HAMBURG (Chair),

Carnegie Corporation of New York (President Emeritus)

HUDA AKIL,

Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

CHERYL ALEXANDER,

Center for Adolescent Health, Johns Hopkins University

CLAIRE BRINDIS,

Institute for Health Policy Studies, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco

GREG DUNCAN,

Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University

JACQUELYNNE ECCLES,

School of Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

ABIGAIL ENGLISH,

Center for Adolescent Health & the Law, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

EUGENE GARCIA,

School of Education, University of California, Berkeley

HELENE KAPLAN,

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher, and Flom, New York

IRIS F. LITT,

Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University

JOHN MERROW,

The Merrow Report, New York

ANNE C. PETERSEN,

W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, Michigan

KAREN PITTMAN,

International Youth Foundation, Takoma Park, Maryland

ANNE PUSEY,

Jane Goodall Institute’s Center, University of Minnesota

MICHAEL RUTTER,

Institute of Psychiatry, University of London

STEPHEN A. SMALL,

Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison

CAMILLE ZUBRINSKY CHARLES,

Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania

BARUCH FISCHHOFF (Liaison, IOM Council),

Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University

ELEANOR E. MACCOBY (Liaison, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education),

Department of Psychology (emeritus), Stanford University

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

BOARD ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES 1999-2000

JACK P. SHONKOFF (Chair),

Heller Graduate School, Brandeis University

EVAN CHARNEY (Vice Chair),

Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts

JAMES A. BANKS,

Center for Multicultural Education, University of Washington

SHEILA BURKE,

John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

DAVID CARD,

Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley

DONALD COHEN,

Yale-New Haven Children’s Hospital, Yale University

MINDY FULLILOVE,

Columbia University

KEVIN GRUMBACH,

Department of Family and Community Medicine, Primary Care Research Center, University of California, San Francisco

MAXlNE HAYES,

Department of Community and Family Health, Washington State Department of Health

MARGARET HEAGARTY,

Department of Pediatrics, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University

RENEE JENKINS,

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University

SHEILA KAMERMAN,

School of Social Work, Columbia University

HARRIET KITZMAN,

School of Nursing, University of Rochester

SANDERS KORENMAN,

School of Public Affairs, Baruch College

CINDY LEDERMAN,

Circuit Court, Juvenile Justice Center, Dade County, Florida

SARA McLANAHAN,

Office of Population Research, Princeton University

VONNIE McLOYD,

Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan

PAUL NEWACHECK,

Institute of Health Policy Studies and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco

GARY SANDEFUR,

Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

RUTH STEIN,

Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

PAUL WISE,

Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center

RUTH T. GROSS (Liaison, IOM Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention), Professor of Pediatrics (emeritus),

Stanford University

ELEANOR E. MACCOBY (Liaison, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education),

Department of Psychology (emeritus), Stanford University

WILLIAM ROPER (Liaison, IOM Council),

Institute of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Michele D. Kipke, Director

Mary Graham, Associate Director,

Dissemination and Communications

Mary Strigari, Administrative Associate

Elena Nightingale, Scholar-in-Residence

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

WORKSHOP ON OPPORTUNITIES TO PROMOTE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT DURING THE AFTER-SCHOOL HOURS

PRESENTERS

JACQUELYNNE ECCLES (Workshop Chair), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan

MICHELE CAHILL, Carnegie Corporation of New York

JENNIFER DAVIS, Mayor’s Office, Boston, Massachusetts

JOY DRYFOOS, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York

ROBERT HALPERN, Erickson Institute, Chicago, Illinois

KAREN HEIN, William T. Grant Foundation, New York, New York

ROBIN JARRETT, Human and Community Development, University of Illinois, Urbana-Campaign

MARY LARNER, Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Los Altos, California

JOAN LOMBARDI, Bush Center in Child Development and Social Policy, New Haven, Connecticut

RICHARD NEGRON, Children’s Aid Society, New York, New York

TERRY PETERSON, U.S. Department of Education

KAREN PITTMAN, International Youth Foundation, Takoma Park, Maryland

JANE QUINN, DeWitt Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund, New York, New York

ELIZABETH REISNER, Policy Studies Institute, Washington, D.C.

CARLA SANGER, LA’s BEST After School Enrichment Program, Los Angeles, California

CARTER SAVAGE, Boys & Girls Clubs of America, Atlanta, Georgia

CONSTANCIA WARREN, Academy for Educational Development, New York, New York

HEATHER WEISS, Harvard Family Research Project, Cambridge, Massachusetts

NOTE: See the appendix for the full list of workshop participants.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

Preface

This report summarizes the presentations and discussion at a workshop entitled Opportunities to Promote Child and Adolescent Development During the After-School Hours, convened on October 21, 1999. The workshop was organized by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and its Forum on Adolescence of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, with funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

The workshop brought together policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to examine research on the developmental needs of children and adolescents —ages 5 to 14 years—and the types of after-school programs designed to promote the health and development of these young people. Intended to provide a forum for discussion among the various stakeholders, the workshop did not generate conclusions about the types of programs that are most effective, nor did it generate specific recommendations about after-school programs or promote a particular approach.

The workshop coincided with release of the Packard Foundation’s fall 1999 issue of The Future of Children, entitled “When School Is Out.” Focusing on after-school programs, the journal provided some context for the workshop, providing a backdrop for discussing the importance of after-school programs, the types of programs that exist across the country, and the policy climate that surrounds after-school programs. Although this summary draws on “When School Is Out” to supplement specific statements made at the workshop, neither the workshop nor this summary re-

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

port incorporated the level of detail or scope of information contained in that publication.

This volume draws on presentations and discussion at the workshop. Of necessity, it reflects the particular emphases of the workshop presentations as well as specific statements made by presenters during the workshop. Although this report references published materials suggested or provided by workshop presenters, it is not intended to provide a comprehensive or thorough review of the field.

The workshop was an effort to take stock of the current knowledge base on after-school programs and highlight key findings from recent research. It was also convened to help inform the future work of the Committee on Community-Level Programs for Youth, a new initiative of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and its Forum on Adolescence. Given the limitations of both time and scope, the workshop could not address all issues that are certainly very important when considering the development, health, and well-being of children and adolescents during after-school hours. It is our hope that this report will help to illuminate important issues of after-school programs that deserve further attention and consideration.

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.

We thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: James A. Banks, Center for Multicultural Education, University of Washington, Seattle; Thomas Brock, Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York, New York; Doug Kirby, ETR Associates, Scotts Valley, California; Deborah Vandell, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin; and Billie Young, Child Development Programs for the City of Seattle, Department of Human Services.

Although the individuals listed above provided constructive comments and suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility for the final

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
×

content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Many individuals deserve recognition for their contributions to the workshop and this report. The workshop and this report were funded the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Special thanks go to Mary Larner at the Packard Foundation for her assistance and support. Michele D. Kipke, director of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, conceptualized and planned the workshop. Jennifer A. Gootman, study director of the board’s Committee on Community-Level Programs for Youth, helped organize the workshop and distilled its major themes into this summary report. Other staff members who assisted with the workshop and the report include Amy Gawad, Drusilla Barnes, and Zodie Makonnen. The workshop benefited enormously from the insightful comments provided by the workshop presenters.

Jacquelynne Eccles, Chair

Committee on Community-Level Programs for Youth

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
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AFTER-SCHOOL PROGRAMS TO PROMOTE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

Page xviii Cite
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2000. After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9944.
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This report summarizes the presentations and discussion at a workshop entitled Opportunities to Promote Child and Adolescent Development During the After-School Hours, convened on October 21, 1999. The workshop was organized by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and its Forum on Adolescence of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, with funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

This workshop brought together policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to examine research on the developmental needs of children and adolescents—ages 5 to 14 years—and the types of after-school programs designed to promote the health and development of these young people. Intended to provide a forum for discussion among the various stakeholders, the workshop did not generate conclusions about the types of programs that are most effective, nor did it generate specific recommendations about after-school programs or promote a particular approach.

The workshop coincided with release of the Packard Foundation's fall 1999 issue of The Future of Children, entitled "When School Is Out." Focusing on after-school programs, the journal provided some context for the workshop, providing a backdrop for discussing the importance of after-school programs, the types of programs that exist across the country, and the policy climate that surrounds after-school programs. This report summarizes the workshop.

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