TABLE 6 Total One-time and Ongoing Costs for Associated Models (billions of dollars)

One-time cost Ongoing cost
Model Low High Low High
Single-PC dial-up 0.07 0.37 0.15 0.52
LAN w/shared modem 2.03 6.09 1.26 3.02
LAN w/router 4.23 10.49 1.22 3.38
LAN w/local server and dedicated line 9.35 22.05 1.75 4.61
Ubiquitous LAN w/high-speed connection 51.20 113.52 4.02 10.03

SOURCE: Rothstein (1994).