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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The project that is the subject of this report was funded principally by the Bureau for Africa of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) through a cooperative agreement administered by USAID's Office of Health and Nutrition. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation also provided funding to the Committee on Population for this project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Preventing and mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa : research and data priorities for the social and behavioral sciences / Barney Cohen and James Trussell, editors ; Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical refererences and index.
ISBN 0-309-05480-X
1. AIDS (Disease)—Africa, Sub-Saharan. I. Cohen, Barney, 1959- . II. Trussell, James. III. Title
RA644.A25N264 1996
614.5′993—dc20 96-11347
CIP
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PANEL ON DATA AND RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR ARRESTING AIDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
JANE MENKEN (Cochair),
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
JAMES TRUSSELL (Cochair),
Office of Population Research, Princeton University
KOFI AWUSABO-ASARE,
University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
JOHN G. CLELAND,
Center for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
CARL KENDALL,
Department of International Health and Development, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
PETER R. LAMPTEY,
Family Health International, Arlington, Virginia
EUSTACE P.Y. MUHONDWA,
The Population Council, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
A. MEAD OVER,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
THOMAS C. QUINN,
Infectious Disease Division, Johns Hopkins University
DEBORAH L. RUGG,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
DANIEL TARANTOLA,
François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health
JUDITH WASSERHEIT,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
MARIA J. WAWER,
Center for Population and Family Health, Columbia University
PETER O. WAY,
International Programs Center, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce
DEBREWORK ZEWDIE,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
National Research Council Staff
BARNEY COHEN, Study Director
TRISH DeFRISCO, Senior Project Assistant
Liaison Representatives to the Panel
BENOIT FERRY,
World Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS
DEAN T. JAMISON,
Board on International Health, Institute of Medicine
Consultants to the Panel
BETSY ARMSTRONG,
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
LORNA EDWARDS,
Harare, Zimbabwe
JENNIFER JOHNSON-KUHN,
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
SAHR KPUNDEH,
National Research Council
ALEXIS KUATE,
Ministry of Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
ANNICK MADY,
Association de Soutien à L'Autopromotion Sanitaire et Urbaine, Côte d'Ivoire
DECLARE MUSHI,
Tanzania AIDS Project, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
RICHARD ODINDO,
Medical Education Department, Nairobi, Kenya
ELIZABETH PISANI,
Center for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
CHRISTINE SOLOMON,
Family Health International, Arlington, Virginia
LAURA ZANINI,
François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health
COMMITTEE ON POPULATION
RONALD D. LEE (Chair),
Departments of Demography and Economics, University of California, Berkeley
CAROLINE H. BLEDSOE,
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
JOSE-LUIS BOBADILLA,
World Bank, Washington, D.C.
JOHN BONGAARTS,
The Population Council, New York
JOHN B. CASTERLINE,
The Population Council, New York
LINDA G. MARTIN,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
MARK R. MONTGOMERY,
The Population Council, New York
ROBERT A. MOFFITT,
Department of Economics, Brown University
ANNE R. PEBLEY,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
RONALD R. RINDFUSS,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JAMES P. SMITH,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
BETH J. SOLDO,
Department of Demography, Georgetown University
MARTA TIENDA,
Population Research Center, University of Chicago
AMY O. TSUI,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JOHN G. HAAGA, Director
BARNEY COHEN, Program Officer
TRISH DeFRISCO, Senior Project Assistant
KAREN A. FOOTE, Program Officer
JOEL A. ROSENQUIST, Project Assistant
JOYCE E. WALZ, Administrative Associate
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Acknowledgments
This report is the product of the efforts of many people. The panel was established under the auspices of the Committee on Population. The committee, chaired by Ronald Lee, was responsible for establishing the panel and for reviewing the final report.
We are most grateful to the organizations that provided financial support for the work of the panel: The Bureau for Africa of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Besides providing funding, the representatives of these organizations were a valuable source of information and advice in the development of the panel's overall work plan.
Special thanks are due to Claude Cheta, Hortense Deffo, Jean-Pierre Edjoa, Zakariaou Njoumeni, and others on the staff of the Institut de Recherche et des Etudes de Comportements (IRESCO) in Cameroon, who prepared two very useful background papers for the panel.
Thanks are also due to Lorna Edwards, Alexis Kuate, Annick Mady, Declare Mushi, and Richard Odindo for their help implementing a questionnaire to non-governmental organizations in various sub-Saharan African countries; to Jeff O'Malley and Ioanna Trilivas, who participated in the design of the survey; and to Sahr Kpundeh, who managed its implementation.
We are very grateful to the numerous researchers and policy makers in Africa who made time in their busy work schedules to talk to members of the panel during their mission to Africa in January and February 1995.
We are especially indebted to Betsy Armstrong for her many hours of thoughtful editing, to John Belanger and Joanna Sadowska for checking and rechecking of the references, and to Claire Del Medico and Amy Worlton for
preparation of the manuscripts. We are also grateful to Elizabeth Pisani and Christine Solomon for their substantial contributions to Chapters 4 and 5, respectively. Special thanks are due as well to Trish DeFrisco for her superb administrative and logistical support to the panel, to Jennifer Johnson-Kuhn for her valuable research assistance on Chapter 6, to Rona Briere for her skillful editing of the report, and to André Lux for his excellent translation of the Summary into French.
We owe the greatest debt to Barney Cohen, who managed the entire process and ensured that we met our deadlines and whose intellectual contributions can be found in every chapter of the report, especially Chapters 1, 2, 6, and 7.
We close by expressing our heartfelt appreciation to the members of the panel who contributed long hours and their special expertise to the crafting of this report. Kofi Awusabo-Asare and Daniel Tarantola prepared the initial draft of sections of Chapter 2; Thomas Quinn, Maria Wawer, and Peter Way prepared the initial draft of Chapter 3; John Cleland prepared the initial draft of Chapter 4; Peter Lamptey, Deborah Rugg, and Carl Kendall prepared the initial draft of Chapter 5; and Mead Over prepared the initial draft of Chapter 6.
James Trussell and Jane Menken, Cochairs
Panel on Research and Data Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa