Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics

Table of Contents
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Front Matter	i-xi
Contents	xii-xiv	(skim)
Human Translation	1-1	(skim)
Types of Translator Employment	2-3	(skim)
English as the Language of Science	4-4	(skim)
Time Required for Scientists to Learn Russian	5-5	(skim)
Translation in the United States Government	6-6	(skim)
Number of Government Translators	7-8	(skim)
Amount Spent for Translation	9-10	(skim)
Is there a Shortage of Translators or Translation?	11-12	(skim)
Regarding a Possible Excess of Translation	13-15	(skim)
The Crucial Problems of Translation	16-18	(skim)
The Present State of Machine Translation	19-24	(skim)
Machine-Aided Translation at Mannheim and Luxembourg	25-28	(skim)
Automatic Language Processing and Computational Linguistics	29-31	(skim)
Avenues to Improvement of Translation	32-33	(skim)
Recommendations	34-34	(skim)
Appendix 1. Experiments in Sight Translation and Full Translation	35-36	(skim)
Appendix 2. Defense Language Institute Course in Scientific Russian	37-38	(skim)
Appendix 3. The Joint Publications Research Service	39-40	(skim)
Appendix 4. Public Law 480 Translations	41-42	(skim)
Appendix 5. Machine Translations at the Foreign Technology Division, U.S. Air Force Systems Command	43-44	(skim)
Appendix 6. Journals Translated with Support by the National Science Foundation	45-49	(skim)
Appendix 7. Civil Service Commission Data on Federal Translators	50-53	(skim)
Appendix 8. Demand for and Availability of Translators	54-56	(skim)
Appendix 9. Cost Estimates of Various Types of Translation	57-66	(skim)
Appendix 10. An Experiment in Evaluating the Quality of Translations	67-75	(skim)
Appendix 11. Types of Errors Common in Machine Translation	76-78	(skim)
Appendix 12. Machine-Aided Translation at the Federal Armed Forces Translation Agency, Mannheim, Germany	79-86	(skim)
Appendix 13. Machine-Aided Translation at the European Coal and Steel Community, Luxembourg	87-90	(skim)
Appendix 14. Translation Versus Postediting of Machine Translation	91-101	(skim)
Appendix 15. Evaluation by Science Editors and Joint Publications Research Service and Foreign Technology Division Translations	102-106	(skim)
Appendix 16. Government Support of Machine-Translation Research	107-112	(skim)
Appendix 17. Computerized Publishing	113-117	(skim)
Appedix 18. Relation Between Programming Languages and Linguistics	118-120	(skim)
Appendix 19. Machine Translation and Linguistics	121-123	(skim)
Appendix 20. Persons Who Appeared Before the Committee	124-124	(skim)

Language and Machines:

Computers in Translation and Linguistics

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