Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future
In a world where advanced knowledge is widespread and low-cost labor is readily available, U.S. advantages in the marketplace and in science and technology have begun to erode. A comprehensive and coordinated federal effort is urgently needed to bolster U.S. ...
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The National Academies Summit on America's Energy Future: Summary of a Meeting
There is a growing sense of national urgency about the role of energy in long-term U.S. economic vitality, national security, and climate change. This urgency is the consequence of many factors, including the rising global demand for energy; the need ...
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Computational Technology for Effective Health Care: Immediate Steps and Strategic Directions
Despite a strong commitment to delivering quality health care, persistent problems involving medical errors and ineffective treatment continue to plague the industry. Many of these problems are the consequence of poor information and technology (IT) capabilities, and most importantly, the ...
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How Students Learn: History, Mathematics, and Science in the Classroom
How do you get a fourth-grader excited about history? How do you even begin to persuade high school students that mathematical functions are relevant to their everyday lives? In this volume, practical questions that confront every classroom teacher are ...
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On Being a Scientist: Third Edition
The scientific research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Scientists trust that the results reported by others are valid. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists to describe the world accurately and ...
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Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century
Educating the Engineer of 2020 is grounded by the observations, questions, and conclusions presented in the best-selling book The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. This new book offers recommendations on how to enrich and broaden ...
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HHS in the 21st Century: Charting a New Course for a Healthier America
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) profoundly affects the lives of all Americans. Its agencies and programs protect against domestic and global health threats, assure the safety of food and drugs, advance the science of preventing and ...
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Computational Technology for Effective Health Care: Immediate Steps and Strategic Directions
Despite a strong commitment to delivering quality health care, persistent problems involving medical errors and ineffective treatment continue to plague the industry. Many of these problems are the consequence of poor information and technology (IT) capabilities, and most importantly, the ...
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Vaccine Safety Research, Data Access, and Public Trust
The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) is a large, linked database of patient information that was developed jointly by CDC and several private managed care organizations in 1991. It includes data on vaccination histories, health outcomes, and characteristics of more ...
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Vaccines for the 21st Century: A Tool for Decisionmaking
Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many ...
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Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism
This eighth and final report of the Immunization Safety Review Committee examines the hypothesis that vaccines, specifically the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines, are causally associated with autism. The committee reviewed the extant published and unpublished epidemiological studies regarding ...
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Financing Vaccines in the 21st Century: Assuring Access and Availability
The national immunization system has achieved high levels of immunization, particularly for children. However, this system faces difficult challenges for the future. Significant disparities remain in assuring access to recommended vaccines across geographic and demographic populations. These disparities ...
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Immunization Safety Review: Thimerosal - Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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Immunization Safety Review: Influenza Vaccines and Neurological Complications
Infection with the influenza virus can have a serious effect on the health of people of all ages, although it is particularly worrisome for infants, the elderly, and people with underlying heart or lung problems. A vaccine exists (the ...
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Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research
In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of ...
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From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor - Lost in Transition: An American Society of Clinical Oncology and Institute of Medicine Symposium

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Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs
Cancer care today often provides state-of-the-science biomedical treatment, but fails to address the psychological and social (psychosocial) problems associated with the illness. This failure can compromise the effectiveness of health care and thereby adversely affect the health of cancer patients. ...
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The Future of Drug Safety: Promoting and Protecting the Health of the Public
In the wake of publicity and congressional attention to drug safety issues, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested the Institute of Medicine assess the drug safety system. The committee reported that a lack of clear regulatory authority, chronic ...
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On Being a Scientist: Third Edition
The scientific research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Scientists trust that the results reported by others are valid. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists to describe the world accurately and ...
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Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment
Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well ...
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Assessing Accomplished Teaching: Advanced-Level Certification Programs
The mission of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) is to establish "high and rigorous standards for what teachers should know and be able to do, to certify teachers who meet those standards, and to advance other education ...
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Testing Teacher Candidates: The Role of Licensure Tests in Improving Teacher Quality
Americans have adopted a reform agenda for their schools that calls for excellence in teaching and learning. School officials across the nation are hard at work targeting instruction at high levels for all students. Gaps remain, however, between the nation ...
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Learning and Instruction: A SERP Research Agenda
The Strategic Education Research Partnership (SERP) is a bold, ambitious plan that proposes a revolutionary program of education research and development. Its purpose is to construct a powerful knowledge base, derived from both research and practice, that will support the ...
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Strategic Education Research Partnership
Envision a cadre of leading scientists and practitioners working collaboratively on a highly focused program of education research that is tightly coupled with practice. Much of the research is carried out in school settings. Research influences educational practice, ...
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Strengthening High School Chemistry Education Through Teacher Outreach Programs: A Workshop Summary to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable (Pre-order)

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America's Lab Report: Investigations in High School Science
Laboratory experiences as a part of most U.S. high science curricula have been taken for granted for decades, but they have rarely been carefully examined. What do they contribute to science learning? What can they contribute to science learning? What ...
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Science, Evolution, and Creationism
How did life evolve on Earth? The answer to this question can help us understand our past and prepare for our future. Although evolution provides credible and reliable answers, polls show that many people turn away from science, seeking other ...
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Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science
Today many school students are shielded from one of the most important concepts in modern science: evolution. In engaging and conversational style, Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science provides a well-structured framework for understanding and teaching evolution.
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Mathematics in Early Childhood: Learning Paths Toward Excellence and Equity (Pre-order)

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Developing Metrics for Assessing Engineering Instruction: What Gets Measured is What Gets Improved
Faculty in all disciplines must continually prioritize their time to reflect the many demands of their faculty obligations, but they must also prioritize their efforts in ways that will improve the prospects of career advancement. The current perception is that ...
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Adviser, Teacher, Role Model, Friend: On Being a Mentor to Students in Science and Engineering
This guide offers helpful advice on how teachers, administrators, and career advisers in science and engineering can become better mentors to their students. It starts with the premise that a successful mentor guides students in a variety of ways: by ...
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Adding It Up: Helping Children Learn Mathematics
Adding it Up explores how students in pre-K through 8th grade learn mathematics and recommends how teaching, curricula, and teacher education should change to improve mathematics learning during these critical years.
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Assessment of NIH Minority Research and Training Programs: Phase 3
This report provides an assessment of NIH s programs for increasing the participation in biomedical science of individuals from underrepresented minority groups. The report examines, using available data and the results of a survey of NIH trainees, the characteristics ...
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Observing Weather and Climate from the Ground Up: A Nationwide Network of Networks
Detailed weather observations on local and regional levels are essential to a range of needs from forecasting tornadoes to making decisions that affect energy security, public health and safety, transportation, agriculture and all of our economic interests. As technological capabilities ...
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Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making
Detailed weather observations on local and regional levels are essential to a range of needs from forecasting tornadoes to making decisions that affect energy security, public health and safety, transportation, agriculture and all of our economic interests. As technological capabilities ...
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Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects
The generation of electricity by wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Although the use of wind energy to generate electricity is increasing rapidly in the United States, government guidance to ...
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Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies--A Focus on Hydrogen
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) could alleviate the nation's dependence on oil and reduce U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas. Industry-and government-sponsored research programs have made very impressive technical progress over the past several years, and several ...
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Water Implications of Biofuels Production in the United States

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An Assessment of the SBIR Program
The SBIR program allocates 2.5 percent of 11 federal agencies' extramural R&D budgets to fund R&D projects by small businesses, providing approximately $2 billion annually in competitive awards. At the request of Congress, the National Academies conducted a comprehensive study ...
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An Assessment of the SBIR Program
The SBIR program allocates 2.5 percent of 11 federal agencies' extramural R&D budgets to fund R&D projects by small businesses, providing approximately $2 billion annually in competitive awards. At the request of Congress, the National Academies conducted a comprehensive study ...
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An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the National Institutes of Health
The SBIR program allocates 2.5 percent of 11 federal agencies' extramural R&D budgets to fund R&D projects by small businesses, providing approximately $2 billion annually in competitive awards. At the request of Congress the National Academies conducted a comprehensive study ...
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An Assessment of Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Energy
The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships. Founded in 1982, SBIR was designed to encourage small business to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support ...
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An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships. Founded in 1982, SBIR was designed to encourage small business to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support ...
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An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Defense (Pre-order)

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Innovation Inducement Prizes at the National Science Foundation

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Innovation Policies for the 21st Century: Report of a Symposium

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Innovation in Global Industries: U.S. Firms Competing in a New World (Collected Studies)
The debate over offshoring of production, transfer of technological capabilities, and potential loss of U.S. competitiveness is a long-running one. Prevailing thinking is that the world is flat that is, innovative capacity is spreading uniformly; as new centers ...
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The Potential Impact of High-End Capability Computing on Four Illustrative Fields of Science and Engineering
Many federal funding requests for more advanced computer resources assume implicitly that greater computing power creates opportunities for advancement in science and engineering. This has often been a good assumption. Given stringent pressures on the federal budget, the White House ...
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Catalyzing Inquiry at the Interface of Computing and Biology
The remarkable growth of both computer science and biology in recent decades has drawn attention to their areas of intersection. Both fields have much in common; they are among the most rapidly changing fields of science, they both deal with ...
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Getting Up to Speed: The Future of Supercomputing
Supercomputers play a significant and growing role in a variety of areas important to the nation. They are used to address challenging science and technology problems. In recent years, however, progress in supercomputing in the United States ...
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Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2008 Symposium
Every year at the U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium, 100 of this country's best and brightest engineers, ages 30 to 45, have an opportunity to learn from their peers about pioneering work being done in many areas of engineering. The ...
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Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies
This report reviews a variety of partnership programs in the United States, and finds that partnerships constitute a vital positive element of public policy, helping to address major challenges and opportunities at the nexus of science, technology, and economic growth. ...
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A Matter of Size: Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative
The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) was created in 2000 to focus and coordinate the nanoscience and nanotechnology research and development (R&D) activities being funded by several federal agencies. The purpose of the NNI is to marshal these research activities ...
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The New Science of Metagenomics: Revealing the Secrets of Our Microbial Planet

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Inspired by Biology: From Molecules to Materials to Machines
Scientists have long desired to create synthetic systems that function with the precision and efficiency of biological systems. Using new techniques, researchers are now uncovering principles that could allow the creation of synthetic materials that can perform tasks as ...
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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences
Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways—leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other ...
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Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation
The Earth is a dynamic planet whose changes and variations affect our communications, energy, health, food, housing, and transportation infrastructure. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from a variety of land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. ...
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Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond
Natural and human-induced changes in Earth s interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, ...
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Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements
Over the past 50 years, thousands of satellites have been sent into space on missions to collect data about the Earth. Today, the ability to forecast weather, climate, and natural hazards depends critically on these satellite-based observations. At the request ...
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A Constrained Space Exploration Technology Program: A Review of NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program
In January 2004, President George W. Bush announced the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), which instructed NASA to "Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for ...
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Building a Better NASA Workforce: Meeting the Workforce Needs for the National Vision for Space Exploration

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Science in NASA's Vision for Space Exploration
In January 2004, President Bush announced a new space policy directed at human and robotic exploration of space. The National Academies released a report at the same time that independently addressed many of the issues contained in the new ...
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The Offshoring of Engineering: Facts, Unknowns, and Potential Implications
The engineering enterprise is a pillar of U.S. national and homeland security, economic vitality, and innovation. But many engineering tasks can now be performed anywhere in the world. The emergence of offshoring ...
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Here or There? A Survey of Factors in Multinational R&D Location -- Report to the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable
The engineering enterprise is a pillar of U.S. national and homeland security, economic vitality, and innovation. But many engineering tasks can now be performed anywhere in the world. The emergence of offshoring ...
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