REVIEW OF THE
RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE
FreedomCAR AND
Fuel Partnership
FIRST REPORT
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DE-AT01-04IG01153, Task Order No. 2, between the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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COMMITTEE ON REVIEW OF THE FREEDOMCAR AND FUEL RESEARCH PROGRAM, PHASE 1
CRAIG MARKS, Chair,
NAE,1 Altarum, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
PETER BEARDMORE,
NAE, Ford Motor Company (retired), West Bloomfield, Michigan
DAVID L. BODDE,
Clemson University, South Carolina
GLENN A. EISMAN,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
DAVID E. FOSTER,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
JOHN B. HEYWOOD,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
JOHN G. KASSAKIAN,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
HAROLD H. KUNG,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
JAMES J. MACKENZIE,
World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C.
CHRISTOPHER L. MAGEE,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
MICHAEL P. RAMAGE,
NAE, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company (retired), Moorestown, New Jersey
VERNON P. ROAN,
University of Florida (professor emeritus), Gainesville
BERNARD ROBERTSON,
NAE, DaimlerChrysler Corporation (retired), Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
R. RHOADS STEPHENSON,
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (retired), Consultant, La Canada, California
KATHLEEN C. TAYLOR,
NAE, General Motors Corporation (retired), Birmingham, Michigan
BRIJESH VYAS,
Bell Laboratories-Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey
Subgroup on Systems Analysis and Simulation
BERNARD ROBERTSON, Chair
PETER BEARDMORE
DAVID BODDE
DAVID FOSTER
JOHN HEYWOOD
CHRISTOPHER MAGEE
VERNON ROAN
Subgroup on Advanced Combustion Engines, Emissions Control, and Hydrocarbon Fuels
DAVID FOSTER, Chair
JOHN HEYWOOD
HAROLD H. KUNG
MICHAEL RAMAGE
BERNARD ROBERTSON
KATHLEEN TAYLOR
Subgroup on Electrochemical Energy Storage
BRIJESH VYAS, Chair
JOHN KASSAKIAN
CHRISTOPHER MAGEE
Subgroup on Fuel Cells
GLENN EISMAN, Chair
VERNON P. ROAN
KATHLEEN TAYLOR
BRIJESH VYAS
Subgroup on Electric Propulsion, Electrical Systems, and Power Electronics
JOHN KASSAKIAN, Chair
BERNARD ROBERTSON
Subgroup on Hydrogen Production, Delivery, and Storage
KATHLEEN TAYLOR, Chair
DAVID L. BODDE
JAMES MACKENZIE
CHRISTOPHER MAGEE
MICHAEL RAMAGE
RHOADS STEPHENSON
Subgroup on Safety
RHOADS STEPHENSON, Chair
JOHN HEYWOOD
HAROLD KUNG
CHRISTOPHER MAGEE
Subgroup on Materials
PETER BEARDMORE, Chair
GLENN EISMAN
CHRISTOPHER MAGEE
KATHLEEN TAYLOR
Project Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Director,
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)
JILL WILSON, Senior Program Officer,
Transportation Research Board
PANOLA GOLSON, Program Associate
(BEES)
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
DOUGLAS M. CHAPIN, Chair,
NAE,1 MPR Associates, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia
ROBERT W. FRI, Vice Chair,
Resources for the Future (senior fellow emeritus), Washington, D.C.
ALLEN J. BARD,
NAS,2 University of Texas, Austin
DAVID L. BODDE,
Clemson University, South Carolina
PHILIP R. CLARK,
NAE, GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired), Boonton, New Jersey
E. LINN DRAPER, JR.,
NAE, American Electric Power, Inc. (emeritus), Austin, Texas
CHARLES GOODMAN,
Southern Company, Birmingham, Alabama
DAVID G. HAWKINS,
Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, D.C.
MARTHA A. KREBS,
California Energy Commission, Sacramento
GERALD L. KULCINSKI,
NAE, University of Wisconsin, Madison
DAVID K. OWENS,
Edison Electric Institute, Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM F. POWERS,
NAE, Ford Motor Company (retired), Ann Arbor, Michigan
TONY PROPHET,
Carrier Corporation, Farmington, Connecticut
MICHAEL P. RAMAGE,
NAE, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company (retired), Moorestown, New Jersey
EDWARD S. RUBIN,
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
MAXINE SAVITZ,
NAE, Honeywell, Inc. (retired), Los Angeles, California
PHILIP R. SHARP,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
SCOTT W. TINKER,
University of Texas, Austin
Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Director
ALAN CRANE, Senior Program Officer
MARTIN OFFUTT, Senior Program Officer
DANA CAINES, Financial Associate
PANOLA GOLSON, Project Assistant
Acknowledgments
The committee wishes to thank members of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, all of whom contributed a significant amount of their time and effort to this National Research Council (NRC) study by giving presentations at meetings, responding to requests for information, or providing valuable information. In addition, the chair wishes to recognize the committee members and the National Academies staff for their hard work in organizing and planning committee meetings and their individual efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
William G. Agnew (NAE), General Motors Corporation (retired),
Paul Blumberg, Independent Consultant,
Andrew Brown, Jr. (NAE), Delphi Corporation,
Robert Epperly, Epperly Associates,
Norman Gjostein (NAE), Ford Motor Company (retired),
James G. Hansel, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.,
Thomas M. Jahns, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Trevor O. Jones (NAE), Biomec, Inc.,
Fritz R. Kalhammer, Electric Power Research Institute (retired),
Robert J. Nowak, Consultant,
William F. Powers (NAE), Ford Motor Company (retired),
Richard J. Robbins (NAE), The Robbins Group LLC, and
Daniel Sperling, University of California, Davis.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by William H. Press (NAS) and Maxine L. Savitz (NAE). Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
Tables and Figures
TABLES
2-1 |
Progress on Systems Analysis Activities, |
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2-2 |
FY05 Budget for Hydrogen-Related Safety Codes and Standards Activities, |
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3-1 |
Goals and Status of the Advanced Combustion Engines and Emission Controls Activity, |
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3-2 |
Technical Targets for an 80-kWe (net) Integrated Transportation Fuel Cell Power System Operating on Direct Hydrogen, |
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3-3 |
Funding for Fuel Cell Technology Programs, |
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3-4 |
Hydrogen Storage Goals, |
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3-5 |
Technical Targets for Electrochemical Storage, |
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3-6 |
Technical Targets for Power Electronics and Electric Motors, |
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3-7 |
Weight Savings for Lightweight Materials, |
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5-1 |
DOE Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies, |
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5-2 |
DOE Funding Supporting FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership Goals in the Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, |
FIGURES
1-3 |
Fuel economy of the U.S. automotive and light truck fleet for model years 1978 to 2002, |
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2-1 |
Analysis domains for systems analysis efforts by the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, |
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2-2 |
Overview of the systems analysis activity, |
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2-3 |
FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership as a framework for communication, |
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3-1 |
Technical areas and relative funding for the ACEC activity, FY04, |
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3-2 |
Status of hydrogen storage technologies relative to targets, |
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5-1 |
FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership funding for FY05, |
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5-2 |
Distribution of funding for hydrogen technology and fuel cell activities for FY05 by RD&D category, |