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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. origin, 56-58 reference heights and weights and, 72-74, 75 research recommendations, 11, 146 subgroups and special populations, 77 Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrition in the United Kingdom, 57 Dietary Supplement Act of 1992, 25, 31 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, 31, 33 Dietary supplements. See also Supplement Facts box bioavailability considerations, 77, 110 botanical ingredients, 31-32 data support recommendations, 11, 145-146, 148-149 defined, 31 n.5 dietary intake data, 129 exposure assessment, 142-143 fortification issues, 49, 142-143 nutrient content claims, 33 nutrition labeling on, 17, 20, 23, 28, 30-33, 108-109, 110, 112 population-weighted reference value for, 8, 109 standards of identity, 49 structure/function claims, 33 Dietitians of Canada, 104 Discretionary fortification. See also Fortification of food Canadian policy, 54 charge to committee, 4, 15-16, 125 conceptual model, 131-138 decision-making approach, 9-11, 130, 131-138, 140-142 dietary supplements and, 49, 142-143 examples, 135-138 existing practices, 138-140 exposure assessment, 11, 132, 135, 138, 142-143 FDA policy, 15, 45, 49-51, 142-143 food composition databases and, 139-140, 147-148 guiding principles, 4, 8-9, 16, 124-144 implementation issues, 138-144 international harmonization of, 125 labeling issues, 20, 25, 27, 35, 138-139 nutrient content claims as a standard, 138-139 prevalence of inadequacy and, 8, 9, 125, 126-131, 136, 147-148 research recommendations, 11, 145, 147-148 review of longstanding practices, 139-140 scientific justification and criteria, 8, 9, 126-131, 132 severity of adverse effect and, 11, 130, 140-142 for special-use products, 143-144 ULs and, 9, 11, 15-16, 17, 67, 130, 131, 134-137, 140-143, 147 vulnerable populations, 15-16, 17, 143-144 E Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970, 20, 34 Energy intakes labeling values, 27, 35, 39, 97-101, 193 and nutrient intakes, 130 Energy metabolism, 70 Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) cut-point method, 127 and discretionary fortification, 9, 11, 131 by nutrient and life-stage group, 180-183 nutrients without, 146 as nutrition labeling basis, 5, 6, 7-8, 75-76, 82-91, 94, 106, 108, 116, 173, 177, 178 and RDA, 62, 63, 64, 66, 89-91 research recommendations, 11, 145, 146 skewed distribution of requirements and, 85 uses, 62 Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs), 98
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