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OCR for page 321
Appendix E
Key Terms and Distinctions
Risk communication practitioners and researchers anct the gen-
eral public often confuse key distinctions such as that between hazard
and risk and that between risk communication and risk message. We
have therefore categorized terms in order to emphasize such distinc-
tions.
HAZARD An act or phenomenon posing potential harm to some
personas) or thinnest; the magnitude of the hazard is the amount
of harm that might result, including the seriousness and the
number of people exposed.
RISE Adds to the hazard and its magnitude the probability that
the potential harm or undesirable consequence will be realized.
* * *
RISE ASSESSMENT The characterization of potential adverse ef-
fects of exposures to hazards; includes estimates of risk and of
uncertainties in measurements, analytical techniques, and inter-
pretive models; quantitative risk assessment characterizes the
risk in numerical representations.
321
OCR for page 322
322
APPENDIX E
RISE CONTROL ASSESSMENT Characterization of alternative
interventions to reduce or eliminate the hazard and/or unwanted
consequences; considers technological feasibility, costs and bene-
fits, and legal requirements or restrictions.
RISE MANAGEMENT The evaluation of alternative risk control
actions, selection among them (including doing nothing), and
their implementation; the responsible individual or office (risk
manager) sometimes oversees preparation of risk assessments,
risk control assessments, and risk messages. Risk management
may or may not be open to outside individuals or organizations.
~ * *
RISE COMMUNICATION An interactive process of exchange of
information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institu-
tions; often involves multiple messages about the nature of risk
or expressing concerns, opinions, or reactions to risk messages or
to legal and institutional arrangements for risk management.
RISK MESSAGE A written, verbal, or visual statement containing
information about risk; may or may not include advice about risk
reduction behavior; a formal risk message ~ a structured written,
audio, or visual package developed with the express purpose of
presenting information about risk.
* * ~
RISK COMMUNICATOR/MESSAGE SOURCE The individual
or office sending a risk message or interacting with other individ-
uals, groups, or organizations in a risk communication process;
may also be the risk manager, risk message preparer, risk analyst,
or other expert.
AUD~NCE/RECIPlENTS The recipient ts) of a risk message; al-
most never a homogeneous group; can include the recipients
intended by the preparer of the message as well as others who
receive it even though addressed elsewhere.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
risk communication
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