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Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements (2008)
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC)

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. "Appendix A: Examples of Scientific Accomplishments and Relevant Satellite Missions." Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008.

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Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements

Satellite

Accomplishment

LAGEOS

  • Geodesy (11)

Landsat

  • Seasonal snow cover (6)

  • Increasing growing season (9)

  • Studying plant physiology (9)

  • Monitoring agricultural lands (10)

  • Estimating tropical deforestation (10)

  • Mapping global land cover (2, 10)

  • Understanding desertification (10)

  • Monitoring urban areas (10)

Nimbus series

  • Observing stratospheric dynamics (5)

  • Observing distribution and decrease of stratospheric ozone (5)

  • Measuring stratospheric trace gases (5)

  • Antarctic ozone hole (5)

  • Tropospheric ozone (5)

  • Declining Arctic summer sea ice (7)

  • Satellite images corroborate Sverdrup’s theory (8)

  • First global maps of marine primary productivity (9)

  • First atmospheric soundings (3, 4, 5)

NOAA

  • Impact of a volcanic eruption on climate (4)

  • Global sea surface temperature observations (8)

  • Atmospheric temperature and moisture soundings for weather prediction (3)

  • Monitoring global total ozone column over Antarctica (5)

QuikScat

  • Ocean wind measurements reveal two-way ocean-atmosphere interaction (8)

RadarSat

  • Nonuniform and dynamic ice streams in Antarctica (7)

  • Declining Arctic summer sea ice (7)

SRTM

  • Use of satellite-derived elevation data in hydrology (6)

  • First fine-resolution topography map (11)

Terra/Aqua

  • Distribution of tropospheric carbon monoxide, ozone precursor (5)

  • Mapping global fires (10)

  • Indirect effects of aerosols (4)

  • Global distribution of cloud properties (4)

  • Global climatology of aerosols (4)

  • Global marine and terrestrial primary productivity (9)

  • The carbon cycle (9)

TIROS

  • Weather imagery (2, 3)

  • Numerical weather prediction (3)

TOPEX/Poseidon

  • Global mean sea level (8)

  • Understanding ocean tides (8)

  • Westward propagating sea-surface height variability (8)

  • Discovery of internal tides and their contribution to ocean mixing (8)

  • El Niño (9)

TRMM

  • Precipitation over the oceans and the tropics (6)

  • Ligntning as source of tropospheric NOx (5)

UARS

  • Stratospheric ozone distribution (5)

  • Role of chloride in ozone depletion (5)

  • Transport and partitioning of chlorine species in stratosphere (5)

  • Depiction of tropical tape recorder (5)

NOTE: ERS = European Remote Sensing Satellite; GOME = Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment; GPS = Global Positioning System; GRACE = Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment; ICESat = Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite; NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; SRTM = Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; TIROS = Television InfraRed Observation Satellite; TOPEX = Topography Experiment; TRMM = Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission.

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