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Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R18

Summary 1-14

1 Introduction 15-30

2 Status of Women in Academic Science and Engineering in 2004 and 2005 31-38

3 Gender Differences in Academic Hiring 39-69

4 Professional Activities, Institutional Resources, Climate, and Outcomes 70-115

5 Gender Differences in Tenure and Promotion 116-152

6 Key Findings and Recommendations 153-168

Appendixes 169-170

Appendix 1-1: Biographical Information on Committee Members 171-177

Appendix 1-2: List of Research I Institutions 178-178

Appendix 1-3: Committee Meeting Agenda 179-180

Appendix 1-4: The Surveys 181-188

Appendix 1-5: Survey Instruments 189-215

Appendix 1-6: Departments in Survey 216-248

Appendix 2-1: Review of Literature and Relevant Research 249-266

Appendix 2-2: Previous Research on Factors Contributing to Gender Differences Among Faculty 267-274

Appendix 3-1: Review of Literature and Research on Factors Associated with a Higher Proportion of Female Applicants 275-283

Appendix 3-2: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences for the Probability That There Are No Female Applicants 284-284

Appendix 3-3: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of the Percentage of Applicants That Are Female 285-286

Appendix 3-4: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of at Least One Female Candidate Interviewed 287-288

Appendix 3-5: Doctoral Degrees Awarded by All Doctoral-Granting Institutions, by Field, Gender, and Year 289-289

Appendix 3-6: Doctoral Degrees Awarded by Discipline and Gender for Research I Institutions, 1999-2003 290-290

Appendix 3-7: Marginal Mean and Variance of Transformed Response Variables 291-294

Appendix 3-8: Main Considerations for Taking a Position by Number of Respondents Saying "Yes" 295-295

Appendix 4-1: Distribution of Undergraduate Course Load for Faculty by Gender and Discipline 296-297

Appendix 4-2: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Do No Graduate Teaching 298-298

Appendix 4-3: Percentage of Faculty Members Receiving a Reduced Teaching Load When Hired 299-299

Appendix 4-4: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on an Undergraduate Thesis or Honors Committee 300-300

Appendix 4-5: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on and Chaired an Undergraduate Thesis or Honors Committee 301-301

Appendix 4-6: Distribution of Number of Graduate Thesis or Honors Committees for Research I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty: Men/Women 302-302

Appendix 4-7: Percentage of Time Spent in Administration or Committee Work on Campus and Service to the Profession Outside the University for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions: Men/Women 303-303

Appendix 4-8: Distribution of Number of Service Committees for Research I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty: Men/Women 304-304

Appendix 4-9: Mean Salary by Gender and Professorial Rank for Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions 305-305

Appendix 4-10: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Summer Support 306-306

Appendix 4-11: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Travel Funds 307-307

Appendix 4-12: Median Square Footage of Lab Space of Faculty Who Report Doing Experimental Work 308-308

Appendix 4-13: Faculty Who Have Received More Lab Space Since Hire (Values Are Percentages) 309-309

Appendix 4-14: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Sufficient Equipment 310-310

Appendix 4-15: Number of Postdoctorate Students for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions (presented by Men and Women) 311-311

Appendix 4-16: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Sufficient Clerical Support 312-312

Appendix 4-17: Percentage of Faculty Members Stating That They Had a Mentor 313-313

Appendix 4-18: Distribution of the Number of Graduate Students for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions (presented by Men and Women) 314-314

Appendix 4-19: Mean Number of Articles Published in Refereed Journals (sole and co-authored) Over the Past 3 Years for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions 315-315

Appendix 4-20a: Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding by Discipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an Assigned Mentor - Assistant Professors Only 316-316

Appendix 4-20b: Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding by Discipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an Assigned Mentor - Associate Professors Only 317-317

Appendix 4-21: Percentage of Faculty Missing Salary Data by Gender and Discipline 318-318

Appendix 4-22: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions That Were Nominated for at Least One Award 319-319

Appendix 4-23: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Research I Faculty with Offers to Leave 320-320

Appendix 4-24: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions Planning to Leave or Retire 321-321

Appendix 5-1: Knowledge of Tenure Procedures by Gender, Rank, and Presence of a Mentor 322-323

Appendix 5-2: Detailed Tenure Information from Departmental Survey 324-324

Appendix 5-3: Time Spent in Both Assistant and Associate Professorships 325-325

Appendix 5-4: Years Between Starting Employment and Achieving Associate Professor Status, by Gender 326-326

Appendix 5-5: Years Between Starting Employment and Achieving Full Professor Status, by Gender 327-327

Appendix 5-6: Patterns of Nonresponse for Tenure Decisions 328-328

Appendix 5-7: Patterns of Nonresponse for Promotion Decisions 329-329

Bibliography 330-352

Index 353-366