mitigate, or eliminate common contemporary threats to security and prepare for future threats. The United States has such a wide range of assets that can be applied to CTR 2.0 that effective implementation will require strong, high-level, central leadership.

Partnership as the Basic Mechanism for Cooperation Partnership in CTR 2.0 will mean that the countries participating must be ready to discuss and potentially support a rational division of responsibility for

• Project leadership including project definition and planning

• Management including project organization, implementation, and oversight

• Resources including personnel, technical capability, financial, and in-kind contributions

A Creative, Flexible Approach to the Form and Substance of New Engagements A creative and flexible approach will be needed both to developing the form and to developing the substance of engagements, as well as to the metrics used to measure these.

• Form CTR 2.0 will be capable of both long-term programmatic engagements and rapid response. Although both are possible under CTR 1.0, the committee believes that there should be more flexibility in programs across the U.S. government. Piggybacking or comingling funds, allocation of funding across U.S. government programs, the flexibility of funds, new approaches to contracting, and other issues are dealt with in more detail in Chapter 4.

• Substance CTR 2.0 will look broadly at how it can support both traditional cooperative threat reduction missions focused on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) as well as new threats such as countering WMD terrorism and similar challenges. In this context, building capacity may be an important component, both in global commitment to security and in the ability to detect and respond to events.

Various programs under CTR 1.0 supported important arms control treaty implementation commitments. CTR 2.0 will continue to support these activities, but will also look specifically at ways to support new and expanded multilateral and international security instruments, such as the Group of Eight Global Partnership (G8 GP), the Proliferation Security Initiative, the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540, and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT). The use of CTR 2.0 could help engage other countries as more active and effective participants in this new generation of security efforts.