Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
167 AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI American Concrete Institute ADA Americans with Disabilities Act AISC American Institute of Steel Construction ANSI American National Standards Institute APR Air-Purifying Respirator AREMA American Railway Engineering and Maintenance Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerat- ing and Air-Conditioning Engineers ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATMB Autoroutes et Tunnels du Mont Blanc (the French agency that jointly operates the Mont Blanc Tunnel with the Italian agency SITMB) ATS Austrian Schillings AUA American Underground Construction Association AWS American Welding Society BART Bay Area Rapid Transit B&O Baltimore & Ohio BTP British Transport Police C/B/R Chemical/Biological/Radiological CCTV Closed-Circuit Television CCVE Closed-Circuit Video Equipment CM Countermeasure Comms Communications COSUF Committee on Operational Safety of Underground Facilities CPT Cone Penetration Test CTA Chicago Transit Authority °C Degrees Celsius DARTS Durable and Reliable Tunnel Structures DHS Department of Homeland Security DOT Department of Transportation DP Damage Potential EIA Electronics Industries Association EPB Earth Pressure Balance EPS Expandable Polystyrene ERP Emergency Response Plan FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FHWA Federal Highway Administration FIT Fire in Tunnels °F Degrees Fahrenheit GA Tabun GB Sarin GD Soman HazMat Hazardous Material HVAC Heating,Ventilating,and Air Conditioning IBTTA International Bridge, Tunnel and Turn- pike Association ICS Incident Command System IDS Intrusion Detection System IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IED Improvised Explosive Device IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEMA Illinois Emergency Management Agency ITA International Tunnelling Association km Kilometer LAN Local Area Network m Meter MARC Maryland Area Rail Commuter MBTU Million British Thermal Units MCEER Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake (formerly NCEER) Engineering Research (formerly the National Center for Earthquake Engi- neering Research, located at the Univer- sity of Buffalo) MEC Mechanical, Electrical, and Communi- cations MOA Memorandum of Agreement List of Abbreviations
MOU Memorandum of Understanding MTA Maryland Transit Administration MTFVTP Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program MW Megawatts NCEER National Center for Earthquake Engi- neering Research NFPA National Fire Protection Association NRCC National Research Council of Canada NTSB National Transportation Safety Board OV Operational Vulnerability PATH Port Authority Trans-Hudson PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PIARC World Road Association PUC Public Utilities Commission PV Physical Vulnerability PVC Polyvinyl Chloride RFP Reinforced Fiber Protection SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCBA Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus SEM Sequential Excavation Method SITMB Società Italia per l`Esercizio del Traforo del Monte Bianco (Italian agency that jointly operates the Mont Blanc Tunnel with the French agency ATMB) SONET Synchronous Optical Network SPT Standard Penetration Test TBM Tunnel Boring Machine TNT 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene TSA Transportation Security Administration UPTUN UPgrading Methods for Fire Safety in Existing TUNnels USDOJ United States Department of Justice Vent Ventilation VoIP Voice-Over Internet Protocol WTC World Trade Center VX V Agent 168
