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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

Index

A

Academic research, 1-2, 5, 141-143

employment, 124-126, 128-129, 137-139

see also Coordination of research;

Funding of research;

Laboratories and research centers

Acoustic technology, 61-62, 63-64, 105

see also Seismic studies

Advisory Committee on Ocean Sciences, NSF, 31-32

Advisory groups, 9-10, 27, 31, 40, 41

Algae, 72-73

Algorithms, 43, 62-63, 154

Alkali compounds, 71-72

Alkenones, 72-73

Altimeters, 42, 62

Alvin, 149

Anthropogenic changes, 16, 43, 96-97, 101-102

Applied research, 9, 15, 34, 50-51

Atmosphere-ocean interface, 56-61, 64, 116-117

see also Carbon dioxide and carbon cycles;

Global climate change

Atmospheric Radiation

Measurements program, DOE, 43

B

Bacteria, 69, 70, 71, 97-98, 100

Baltic Sea, 101

Basalts, see Magma

Basic research, 33, 49, 50-51, 124

funding, 6-7, 10-11, 24-25, 28, 50

Benthic organisms, 99, 102

Biodiversity, 15

Biogeochemical processes, 67-73, 95-100

see also Atmosphere-ocean interface;

Carbon dioxide and carbon cycles

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

Biological sciences, 92, 94-106

employment, 130, 133-134

Bio-optics, 105

Bromley, D Allan, 7

Bubbles, 64

Budgets, see Funding of research

Bush, Vannevar, 18, 19

C

Calibration measurements, 61, 62-63

California Current ecosystem, 101

Capacity of research, 7, 20, 50

Carbon dioxide and carbon cycles, 42-43, 56, 57-58, 90-91

biogeochemical processes, 66, 95-96, 97-100, 118-119

Carbon Dioxide Program, DOE, 42, 44

Carbonate sediments, 120

Cartography, see Maps and mapping

Chemistry, see Biogeochemical processes;

Carbon dioxide and carbon cycles;

Geochemistry

Chemosynthesis, 97, 99-100

Chief of Naval Operations, 33

Circulation processes, 6, 48, 50-51, 62, 63

see also Atmosphere-ocean interface;

Currents;

Fluxes

Climate and Global Change Program, NOAA, 35

Climatology, 6, 41-42, 48, 53-54

modeling, 43, 55-56, 89-90

sediment records, 79, 89-91

see also Atmosphere-ocean interface;

Global climate change

Coastal areas and processes, 15, 16-17, 43, 52, 69, 101, 107-120, 147, 149

see also Continental shelf and margins

Coastal Ocean Margins Program, DOE, 42, 44

Coastal Ocean Program, NOAA, 35

Cold War, 19

Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences, FCCSET, 10, 27

Computer Hardware, Advanced Modeling and Model Physics program, DOE, 43

Computer simulation, 43, 50, 56, 154

Continental shelf and margins, 38-39, 42-43, 78-79, 87-89, 99, 108-109, 110, 111, 114, 117-118

Continuous Plankton Recorder Surveys, 106

Convection, see Mantle convection and composition;

Thermohaline circulation

Coordination of research, 9-13, 25-31

international, 7-8, 19, 21-22, 25-26, 153

see also specific federal agencies

Cosmic rays and dust, 66, 67, 74

Costs and cost factors, 7, 20, 50, 170

Council on Ocean Affairs, 142

Cross-shelf exchange, 107, 117-118

Crustal plates and movement, 5, 47, 68-69, 72, 77-81, 92-93

and continental margins, 78-79, 87-89, 108-109

off-ridge processes, 85-87

ridge processes, 78, 81-84

and sediments, 67, 77-78, 79, 89-92

Currents, 111, 152

boundary, 60, 101, 110

Cyanobacteria, 97-98

D

Data management and exchange, 12, 30, 33, 36-37, 40, 43, 44-45

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

Deep-sea areas, see Crustal plates and movement;

Hydrothermal vents and processes;

Mantle processes and composition;

Ridges

Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), 26, 77, 89, 140-141

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, 42

Defense research, 15-16, 19, 33, 33-34

Department of Defense, 42

see also Navy

Department of Energy (DOE), 10, 28, 42-44

Diatom blooms, 96, 97

Disasters, natural, 16, 44

Disposable sensor systems, 61-62

Dissolved organic matter, 98

Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE), NSF, 31-32, 160-161

Doctorates, see Ph.D.-level scientists

Doppler current profilers, 62

Drilling programs and technologies, 26, 31, 32, 77, 78, 89, 93

E

Earth Observing System (EOS), 40, 41

Ecosystems, 6, 15, 48, 95, 100-102

hydrothermal vent, 5, 15, 47-48, 99-100

Education and training, 35, 38, 134

see also Ph.D.-level scientists

El Niño, 5, 15, 48, 96, 101

Emiliania huxleyi, 72-73

Employment of scientists, 124-139

Energy resources, 16, 42-43, 44

see also Oil resources

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 8-9, 10, 28, 37-38

Environmental Studies Program, MMS, 38-39

Erosion, 68, 114

Estuaries, 17, 34, 69, 110-111, 114, 117-118

Euphotic zone, 57-58, 95

European Space Agency, 41, 63, 153

Eutrophication, 101-102

Evaporation, 59, 152

Evolution of species, 92

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), 45

Exploratory Development program, Navy, 33

Extinction of species, 92

F

Facilities, 50, 139

see also Instrumentation;

Laboratories and research centers;

Ships

Faculty, 123-129 passim

Fecal pellets, 98

Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology (FCCSET), 10, 27

Federal government, advisory groups, 9-10, 27, 31, 40, 41

employment, 124-12S, 128-129, 133, 136-139

interagency cooperation, 10, 27-28

ship use and support, 36, 39, 143-144, 146

see also Coordination of research;

Department of Defense;

Department of Energy;

Environmental Protection Agency;

Funding of research;

Minerals Management Service;

National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

National Science Foundation;

Navy;

Office of Naval Research;

U.S. Geological Survey

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

Fish and fisheries, 15, 36, 96, 101, 102, 105

Floating instrument platform (FLIP), 149-150

Flow cytometry, 105

Fluxes, 53, 59-61, 67-69, 74-75, 93, 96, 117

Food webs, 96, 97-100, 102

Forecasting, see Models and modeling

Fossil records, 92

Free-falling sensor systems, 61-62

Freshwater flux, 59-61, 111

Fronts, 107, 117

Funding of research, 2, 6-11, 18, 24-25, 28, 29, 34, 50, 154-159, 169-170

basic, 10, 24-25, 28, 50

budget constraints, 33, 35, 36, 41

see also Individual investigator grants;

specific federal agencies

G

Gases, see Atmosphere-ocean interface;

Carbon dioxide and carbon cycles

Genetics, 104

Geochemistry, 64-77

see also Biogeochemical processes

Geological Survey, see US Geological Survey

Geology and geophysics, 44, 45, 77-93

Georges Bank, 102

Glacial periods, 59, 90, 92

Global Change Data and Information System, 40

Global Change Research Program, 42

Global climate change, 14-15, 16, 50-51, 53, 54, 89-92

biological processes, 95-96, 100-101

and carbon dioxide, 42-43, 91

Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program, 137

Global ocean observing system (GOOS), 25-26, 35, 52-53, 54-55, 120

Gravity field, 41, 153

Greenhouse effect, see Global climate change

H

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 149

Hazards, 16, 44

Heat flux, 59-61, 68, 117

Human-induced changes, see Anthropogenic changes

Hurricanes, 16

Hydrocarbon seeps, 15, 48, 99-100

Hydrophone array, 63

Hydrothermal processes and vents, 67, 68-70, 71-72, 75, 79, 81-84

ecosystems, 5, 15, 47-48, 99-100

I

Ice conditions, 36, 54, 59, 62, 100-101, 111

Ice core records, 90-91

Imaging techniques, 105-106

Indian Ocean, 59

Individual investigator grants, 10-11, 19, 27-28

Infrared measurements, 36, 62

Instrumentation, 11, 29, 43, 61-62, 74, 105-106

see also Acoustic technology;

Calibration measurements;

Computer simulation;

Imaging techniques;

Infrared measurements;

Microwave measurements;

Optical instruments;

Satellites;

Sensor systems

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

Interdisciplinary research, see Multidisciplinary research

International competition, 15

International research coordination, 7-8, 19, 21-22, 25-26, 153

Isotopes, 66, 68, 74

J

JOIDES Resolution, 150

Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, 136-137

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), 26, 133-135, 137-139, 141

Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling, 32, 140 141

L

Laboratories and research centers, 139-143

federal, 33, 35, 37-38, 40-41, 43-44, 142

seafloor observatories, 93

Lipids, 72-73

Lithosphere, 77, 79-81, 82-83, 87

M

Magma, 79, 83, 85-87

Mantle processes and composition, 78, 79, 80, 82-87

Maps and mapping, 34, 44-45

crustal composition, 78, 81-82, 88

Matching grants, 34

Metabolic processes, 70, 71

Microstructure measurements, 57, 58

Microwave measurements, 36, 42, 62, 152

Military research, see Defense research

Mineral resources, 17, 44, 45

Minerals Management Service (MMS), 38-39

Mixing processes, 56-61, 69-71

Models and modeling, 33, 50, 54, 153-154

climate, 43, 55-56, 89-90

coastal processes, 118-120

crustal dynamics, 78, 88

Molecular biology, 44, 104

Monitoring programs, 28, 34

see also Global ocean observing system

Moored instruments, 62, 105, 107-108

Multidisciplinary research, 6, 48, 51-52

Multi-Frequency Acoustic Profiling System, 105

N

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 39-42

National Mapping Program, USGS, 44

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 9, 10, 20, 24-25, 28, 34-37, 41-42, 106

National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), 36-37

National Research Council (NRC), 10, 27, 44

National Science Foundation (NSF), 8-9, 10, 19-20, 21, 24, 28, 30, 31-32, 49, 106, 123-126, 143, 155, 160-163

National Sea Grant College Program, NOAA, 20, 30, 34-35

National security, see Defense research

National Space Council, 41

Natural gas, 16, 38-39

Naval Research Laboratory, 33

Navy, 19-20, 32-34, 42, 140, 149, 164

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

see also Oceanographer of the Navy;

Office of Naval Research

Nimbus 7, 40

North Atlantic Ocean, 59, 97

North Sea, 96

Numerical analysis, see Algorithms;

Models and modeling

Nutrient transport, 58, 69, 70, 96-97, 110-111

see also Food webs

O

OCE, see Division of Ocean Sciences

Ocean color, 40, 42, 61, 152

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), 31, 32, 89, 93

Ocean margins, see Continental shelf and margins

Oceanographer of the Navy, 33-34, 106, 164

Oceanography from Space 1985-1995, 150

Ocean Studies Board (OSB), 31-32, 44

oceanographer survey, 126, 133

Office of Health and Environmental Research, DOE, 42, 44

Office of Naval Research (ONR), 8-9, 10, 19, 24, 28, 30, 32, 33, 93, 140, 143, 163

Office of Naval Technology, 33, 34

Office of Research and Development, EPA, 38

Off-ridge processes, 85-87

Offshore Geologic Framework, USGS, 45

Oil resources, 16, 17, 38-39

Oil spills, 16

Operational measurements, 41-42

Optical instruments, 105

Organic matter, 66, 69, 72-73, 95, 119

see also Food webs

Outer Continental Shelf, 38-39

Oxygen and oxidation, 66, 69, 71

P

Pacific Ocean, 101, 103

Paleoceanography, 48, 65-66, 73, 77, 79, 89-92

Particle dynamics and transport, 67, 68, 69-71, 75-76

organic matter, 98, 119

sediments, 76-77, 119-120

Peer review systems, 19, 31, 32, 38-39, 45

Petroleum, see Oil resources

Ph.D.-level scientists, 121-139

Photochemical reactions, 68

Photosynthesis, 57-58, 72, 97, 100

Physical sciences, 33, 52-64

see also Geochemistry

Plankton, 58, 62, 69, 70-71, 97-99, 101-102, 105

Plate tectonics, see Crustal plates and movement

Polar regions, 59, 60

Policy issues, 4-9, 17, 38-39

Pollution, 15, 16, 17, 37, 68

Population size and growth, 15, 17, 108.

Precipitation, 60, 64, 100-101

Predictions, see Models and modeling

Private research, 24, 125, 142

Publication of research, 38-39, 44-45

R

Radiation, 43, 44, 60, 62

Rainfall, 60, 64

Reducing Risk, 37

Remotely operated vehicles, 149

Remote sensing, see Space-based observation systems

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

Ridge Inter-Disciplinary Global experiment [RIDGE), 78, 93, 100, 137

Ridges, 69, 75, 78, 79, 81-84

Rivers and streams, 66-67, 69, 75, 76, 100-101

Rotators, 31, 32

S

Salinity, 54, 60, 71-72

see also Thermohaline circulation

Satellites, 5, 40-42, 44, 60, 62-63, 103, 150-153

Science Advisory Board, EPA, 37

Science: The Endless Frontier, 18

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 34, 37, 43, 134, 141, 142

Sea Cliff, 149

Sea level, 81, 91-92, 101

Seafloor, see Crustal plates and movement;

Hydrothermal processes and vents;

Sediments

Seafloor observatories, 93

Seasat, 40

Sea-viewing Wide Field Sensor, 152

Sediments, 71, 72, 111, 114

and crustal processes, 67, 77-78, 79, 89-92

paleoceanic record, 65-67

particle transport, 76-77, 119-120

Seismic studies, 45, 78, 81, 83, 93

Sensor systems, 61-62, 63-64, 105, 107-108

Ships, 28, 29, 143-149

federal use and support, 36, 39, 143-144, 146

Navy support, 19-20, 32, 33-34, 140

UNOLS fleet, 26, 39, 45, 146, 149

volunteer observing, 61-62

Short-term scientific officers, see Rotators

Simulations, see Computer simulations;

Models and modeling

Sinks, 71-72

Small-scale mixing processes, 56-57

Societal issues, 2-4, 14-17, 48-49

Solar radiation, 43, 59

Sophistication factor, 7, 170

Sound, see Acoustic techniques

Southern Ocean, 59

Space-based observation systems, 36, 39-42, 44, 62-63, 103, 150-153

State government, 34-35, 125, 144

Stommel, Henry, 51

Storms, 16

Subduction, see Crustal plates and movement

Submersibles, 149

Subtropical gyres, 70

Synthetic aperture radar, 62

T

Tactical oceanography, 34

Teaching faculty, 123-129 passim

Technological developments, 1-2, 7, 20, 49-50, 170

biological studies, 103-106

data management, 36-37

see also Instrumentation;

Models and modeling;

Spacebased observation systems

Tectonic plates, see Crustal plates

Telemetry, 62-63

Temperature, 73, 152

see also Global climate change;

Heat flux;

Hydrothermal processes and vents;

Thermohaline circulation

Thermohaline circulation, 58-59, 60, 111

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×

Time scale studies, 54, 65-67, 73, 77, 79, 84, 89-92

Time-series measurements, 62, 63, 93, 106

Tomography, 78, 93

Trace elements, 64, 66, 71-72, 74, 75-76

Tracer studies, 57, 58, 63, 66, 67, 76-77

Transoceanic hydrographic sections, 60

Transport processes, 43, 45, 48, 53, 58, 60, 66

see also Fluxes;

Particle dynamics and transport

U

University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS), 26, 39, 45, 141, 143-146, 149

University research, see Academic research

Upwelling, 15, 59, 110

mantle processes, 82-83

U.S Geological Survey (USGS), 44-46, 146

V

Ventilation, 60

Volcanoes, 67, 72, 79, 81

see also Hydrothermal processes and vents

Volunteer observing ships (VOS), 61-62

W

Waste disposal, 15, 17, 37, 96-97

Water mass formation, 53, 58-59, 63

Wetlands, 45

Winds, 42, 54, 62, 66, 68, 101, 110, 116-117

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), 34, 134, 140, 149

World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), 60-61, 136-137, 154

World War II, 18-19, 140

Z

Zooplankton, 98

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×
Page 195
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
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Page 196
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2048.
×
Page 202
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Oceanography in the Next Decade: Building New Partnerships Get This Book
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Oceanography has moved into the spotlight of urgent social concern, because of the oceans' impact on issues such as global climate change, biodiversity, and even national security. This new volume points to improved partnerships between ocean scientists, federal agencies, and the oceanographic institutions as the key to understanding the oceans and their effects on our lives.

Oceanography in the Next Decade outlines pressing marine research problems and offers recommendations for how they may be solved, with detailed discussions of:

  • How oceanographic research is currently conducted.
  • Recent discoveries and research needs in four subdisciplines—physical, chemical, geological, and biological.
  • Coastal oceanography, which is important because of growing coastal populations.
  • The infrastructure of oceanography, with a wealth of information about human, equipment, and financial resources.
  • A blueprint for more productive partnerships between academic oceanographers and federal agencies.

This comprehensive look at challenges and opportunities in oceanography will be important to researchers, faculty, and students in the field as well as federal policymakers, research administrators, and environmental professionals.

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