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Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education (1995)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "Case Study 16: Gasoline Toxicity." Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1995.

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Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education
Case Study

A 29-year-old auto mechanic with headaches, irritability, and forgetfulness

A 29-year-old man is brought to your office by his wife. He is reluctant to provide a history but does admit that he has been having frequent headaches for the past month. His wife indicates that at times he is somewhat confused and forgetful. She feels these symptoms have developed since they moved to their new home 6 months ago. She tells you that she has also been irritable and that several of their neighbors have been complaining of a variety of nonspecific symptoms, including headaches and forgetfulness. The wife also says that a nearby gas station was recently fined for having a leaking underground storage tank, and she feels that her family and her neighbors are being poisoned by contaminated drinking water.

The patient’s medical history is unremarkable. After completing high school, he entered the Air Force, where he was trained as a mechanic. When he left military service, he and his family moved back to this rural community to be close to his wife’s family. He has taken a job at the hardware store as a temporary position and plans to open an automotive repair shop within the next year. He has had an interest in old automobiles since high school. His new position at the hardware store has allowed him to spend an increasing amount of time working on old cars in his garage in back of the house.

The patient’s physical examination is unremarkable except for mild dermatitis on the hands, which he attributes to grease and the dirty auto parts he handles. Results of laboratory screening tests, including CBC and liver function tests, are within normal limits.

(a) What further questions would you ask regarding the wife’s and neighbors’ symptoms?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(b) What further questions would you ask regarding the patient’s work at the hardware store and his automobile-related hobby?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(c) What additional data would be informative regarding the leaking storage tank mentioned by the patient’s wife?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Answers to the Pretest questions are on page 19.

Page
375
Front Matter (R1-R12)
Executive Summary (1-4)
1 Introduction (5-13)
2 Curriculum Content (14-21)
3 Implementation Strategies (22-43)
4 Changing Medical Education (44-51)
5 Concluding Remarks (52-53)
References (54-58)
Appendixes (59-60)
A: Taking an Exposure History (61-96)
B: Medical School Courses and Clerkships: Access Points for Integrating Environmental Medicine (97-120)
C: Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (121-138)
Case Study 1: Arsenic Toxicity (139-163)
Case Study 2: Seasonal Arsenic Exposure from Burning Chromium-Copper-Arsenate-Treated Wood (164-167)
Case Study 3: Asbestos Toxicity (168-188)
Case Study 4: Benzene Toxicity (189-207)
Case Study 5: Beryllium Toxicity (208-223)
Case Study 6: Cadmium Toxicity (224-243)
Case Study 7: Fetal Death Due to Nonlethal Maternal Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (244-248)
Case Study 8: Carbon Tetrachloride Toxicity (249-266)
Case Study 9: Chlordane Toxicity (267-288)
Case Study 10: Chronic Reactive Airway Disease Following Acute Chlorine Gas Exposure in an Asymptomatic Atopic Patient (289-290)
Case Study 11: Chromium Toxicity (291-311)
Case Study 12: Cyanide Toxicity (312-331)
Case Study 13: Dioxin Toxicity (332-348)
Case Study 14: Ethylene/Propylene Glycol Toxicity (349-371)
Case Study 15: Formalin Asthma in Hospital Staff (372-373)
Case Study 16: Gasoline Toxicity (374-394)
Case Study 17: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: A Clinical Description of 17 Patients with a Newly Recognized Disease (395-401)
Case Study 18: Lead Poisoning from Mobilization of Bone Stores During Thyrotoxicosis (402-409)
Case Study 19: Lead Toxicity (410-435)
Case Study 20: Legionaires' Disease: Description of an Epidemic of Pneumonia (436-444)
Case Study 21: Mercury in House Paint as a Cause of Acrodynia: Effect of Therapy with N-Acetyl-D, L-Penixillamine (445-449)
Case Study 22: Mercury Toxicity (450-472)
Case Study 23: Methanol Toxicity (473-492)
Case Study 24: Methylene Chloride Toxicity (493-511)
Case Study 25: Paint Remover Hazard (512-515)
Case Study 26: Fatal Outcome of Methemoglobinemia in an Infant (516-517)
Case Study 27: Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity (518-537)
Case Study 28: An Outbreak of Nitrogen Dioxide-Induced Respiratory Illness Among Ice Hockey Players (538-541)
Case Study 29: Pentachlorophenol Toxicity (542-557)
Case Study 30: Aldicarb Poisoning: A Case Report with Prolonged Cholinesterase Inhibition and Improvement After Pralidoxime Therapy (558-561)
Case Study 31: Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticide Toxicity (562-584)
Case Study 32: Infertility in Male Pesticide Workers (585-587)
Case Study 33: Pesticide Food Poisoning from Contaminated Watermelons in California, 1985 (588-595)
Case Study 34: Poisoning of an Urban Family Due to Misapplication of Household Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides (596-604)
Case Study 35: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Toxicity (605-621)
Case Study 36: Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Toxicity (622-638)
Case Study 37: Ionizing Radiation (639-673)
Case Study 38: Radon Toxicity (674-694)
Case Study 39: Residential Radon Exposure and Lung Cancer in Sweden (695-700)
Case Study 40: Community Oubreaks of Asthma Associated with Inhalation of Soybean Dust (701-706)
Case Study 41: Tetrachloroethylene Toxicity (707-726)
Case Study 42: Toluene Toxicity (727-743)
Case Study 43: Occupational Asthma Due to Toluene Diisocyanate Among Velcro-like Tape Manufacturers (744-749)
Case Study 44: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (750-766)
Case Study 45: Trimethyltin Encephalopathy (767-771)
Case Study 46: Trichloroethylene Toxicity (772-792)
Case Study 47: Vinyl Chloride Toxicity (793-811)
Case Study 48: Work-Related Disorders of the Neck and Upper Extremity (812-813)
Case Study 49: Contact Dermatitis in Surgeons from Methylmethacrylate Bone Cement (814-816)
Case Study 50: Skin Lesions and Environmental Exposures: Rash Decisions (817-861)
Case Study 51: Acoustic Trauma Caused by the Telephone: A Report of Two Cases (862-867)
Case Study 52: Behavioral and Audiologic Manifestations of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (868-871)
Case Study 53: Reproductive and Developmental Hazards (872-892)
Case Study 54: Childhood Asthma and Indoor Enviromental Risk Factors (893-903)
Case Study 55: Populations at Risk From Particulate Air Pollution - United States, 1992 (904-908)
D: Resources: Agencies, Organizations, Services, REferences, and Tables of Environmental Health Hazards (909-970)
E: Committee and Staff Biographies (971-975)