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Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response (1999)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons." Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999.

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Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons (Continued)

Agent

Effects

Onset

First Aid

Riot Control Agents

     

CS, 2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile

Burning stinging of eyes, nose, airway, vomiting

seconds to minutes

Water for eyes, skin, bronchodilators, oxygen, ventilation for lungs

CN, 1-chloroacetophenone

     

CR, dibenz (b,F)-1:4-oxazepine

     

CA, bromobenzylcyanide

     

DM, diphenylaminearsine

     

DA, diphenylchlorarsine

     

DC, diphenylcyanoarsine

     

Opioids

     

Carfentanil

Dyspnea, ataxia, catatonia

minutes

Naloxone, nalmefene, naltrexone, ventilation

Sufentanil

     

Anesthetics

     

Chloroform

Analgesia, loss of reflexes and conciousness

minutes

Ventilation

Halothane

     

Cyclopropane

     

Ether

     

Antimuscarinics

     

BX, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate

mydriasis, erythema, ataxia, delirium

1 hour

Tacrine, physostigmine

Cholinergics

     

Nicotine

Weakness, tremors, apnea, convulsions

minutes

Mecamylamine

Epibatidine

     

Anatoxin A

     

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