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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for this report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

The Institute of Medicine was chartered in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to enlist distinguished members of the appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. In this, the Institute acts under both the Academy's 1863 congressional charter responsibility to be an adviser to the federal government and its own initiative in identifying issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Support for this project was provided by the Office of Emergency Preparedness, Department of Health and Human Services (Contract No. 282-97-0017). This support does not constitute an endorsement of the views expressed in the report.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Chemical and biological terrorism: research and development to improve civilian medical response / Committee on R&D Needs for Improving
Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents, Health Science Policy Program, Institute of Medicine, and Board on
Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-309-06195-4 (hardcover)
1. Chemical warfare—Health aspects. 2. Biological
warfare—Health aspects. 3. Civil defense—United States. 4.
Terrorism—Government policy—United States. 5. Disaster
medicine—United States. I. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee
on R & D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical
and Biological Terrorism Incidents. II. National Research Council
(U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology.
RA648 .C525     1999
358'.3—dc21                         98-58069

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Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.