NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on science and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
Limited copies are available from:
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
National Research Council
1055 Thomas Jefferson, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20007
202-334-2200
Additional copies are available for sale from:
National Academy Press
Box 285 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area)
International Standard Book Number 0-309-06775-8
Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
For the National Research Council, this project was overseen by the Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy (STEP), a standing board of the NRC established by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine in 1991. The mandate of the STEP Board is to integrate understanding of scientific, technological, and economic elements in the formulation of national policies to promote the economic well-being of the United States. A distinctive characteristic of STEP's approach is its frequent interactions with public and private sector decision-makers. STEP bridges the disciplines of business management, engineering, economics, and the social sciences to bring diverse expertise to bear on pressing public policy questions. The members of the STEP Boards* and the NRC staff are listed below:
Dale Jorgenson, Chair Frederic Eaton Abbe Professor of Economics
Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts
M. Kathy Behrens Managing Partner
BancBoston Robertson Stephens San Francisco, California
James F. Gibbons Professor of Engineering
Stanford University Stanford, California
Bronwyn H. Hall Associate Professor of Economics
University of California Berkeley, California
Ralph Landau Consulting Professor of Economics
Stanford University Stanford, California
Richard Levin President
Yale University New Haven, Connecticut
William J. Spencer, Vice-Chair Chairman
SEMATECH Austin, Texas
Mark B. Myers Senior Vice President
Xerox Corporation Stamford, Connecticut
Edward E. Penhoet Dean,
School of Public Health University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, California
A. Michael Spence Dean,
Graduate School of Business Stanford University Stanford, California
Joseph E. Stiglitz Senior Vice-President for Development Economics
The World Bank Washington, D.C.
Alan Wm. Wolff Managing Partner
Dewey Ballantine Washington, D.C.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
BOARD ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ECONOMIC POLICY
Sponsors
The National Research Council gratefully acknowledges the support of the following sponsors:
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Department of Energy
National Cancer Institute
National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Science Foundation
Sandia National Laboratories
Electric Power Research Institute
Kulicke and Soffa Industries
Merck and Company
Milliken Industries
Motorola
Nortel
Procter and Gamble
Silicon Valley Group Incorporated
Advanced Micro Devices
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the project sponsors.
STEERING COMMITTEE FOR GOVERNMENT-INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Gordon Moore, Chair Chairman
Emeritus Intel Corporation
M. Kathy Behrens Managing Partner
BancBoston Robertson Stephens and STEP Board
Gordon Binder Chief Executive Officer
Amgen, Inc.
Michael Borrus Co-Director
Berkeley Roundtable on International Economics
Iain Cockburn Professor of Commerce and Business Administration
University of British Columbia
Kenneth Flamm Dean Rusk Chair in International Affairs
LBJ School of Public Affairs University of Texas at Austin
James F. Gibbons Professor of Engineering
Stanford University and STEP Board
William J. Spencer, Vice-Chair Chairman,
SEMATECH and STEP Board
W. Clark McFadden Partner
Dewey Ballantine
Mark B. Myers Senior Vice President
Xerox Corporation and STEP Board
Richard Nelson George Blumenthal Professor of International and Public Affairs
Columbia University
Charles Trimble Vice Chairman
Trimble Navigation
John P. Walker Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Axys Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Patrick Windham Lecturer Stanford University Consultant
Science and Technology Policy
Project Staff
Charles W. Wessner Study Director
McAlister T. Clabaugh Program Associate
John B. Horrigan Staff Officer
Laura T. Holliday Program Associate
Contents
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Welcome |
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Introduction to the Symposium |
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Opening Remarks |
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Panel I: History and Current Legislative Perspective on the ATP Program |
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An Overview of the Program's History and Objectives |
Perspectives on the Program |
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Panel II: Program Objectives |
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Decision Making: The ATP Selection Process |
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Mission Synergies |
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Industry Perspectives I |
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Industry Perspectives II |
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Discussants: |
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Panel III: Research Perspectives on the ATP |
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Assessment of the ATP |
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Performance Measures as Indicators of ATP Effects on Long-term Business Success |
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Discussant: |
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Panel IV: Capital Markets and New Technologies |
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Venture Capital and the ATP |
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A Venture Capitalist Perspective |
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Small Firm Experience in the ATP |
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Panel V: Extending Assessment—Challenges and Opportunities |
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Information Needs for Measuring Spillovers from Public-Private R&D Partnering |
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Assessing Productivity Impacts in Health Care Information |
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Comparing ATP and non-ATP Research Joint Ventures |
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Panel VI: Observations and Policy Issues |
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ATP Assessment: Looking Back and Looking Ahead |
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The ATP and Legislative Flexibility |
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The ATP and US Technology Policy |
The ATP and Program Management |
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The ATP and Spillovers |
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