HISPANICS AND THE FUTURE OF AMERICA
Marta Tienda and Faith Mitchell, Editors
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139, TO #123 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Cancer Institute, the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health; the U.S. Census Bureau; the National Center for Health Statistics; the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the California HealthCare Foundations, and the California Endowment.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hispanics and the future of America / Marta Tienda and Faith Mitchell, editors ; Panel on Hispanics in the United States [and] Committee on Population, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-309-10051-8 (pbk.)—ISBN 0-309-65478-5 (PDFs) 1. Hispanic Americans—Social conditions. 2. Hispanic Americans—Economic conditions. 3. United States—Ethnic relations. 4. Hispanic Americans—Statistics. 5. United States—Population. I. Tienda, Marta. II. Mitchell, Faith. III. National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Hispanics in the United States. IV. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Population.
E184.S75H593 2006
305.868’073—dc22
2005034173
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
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Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 2006 by the National Academies. All rights reserved.
Cover credit: Freddy Rodriguez, Until When/Hasta Cuando (1991) Copyright by the artist; used with permission.
Suggested citation: National Research Council (2006). Hispanics and the Future of America. Panel on Hispanics in the United States. Marta Tienda and Faith Mitchell, eds. Committee on Population, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
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PANEL ON HISPANICS IN THE UNITED STATES
MARTA TIENDA (Chair),
Department of Sociology, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and Office of Population Research, Princeton University
LOUIS DeSIPIO,
Department of Political Science and Chicano/Latino Studies Program, University of California, Irvine
JORGE DURAND,
Social Anthropology, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
JOSÉ J. ESCARCE,
David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA and RAND, California
V. JOSEPH HOTZ,
Department of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles
NANCY S. LANDALE,
Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University
CORDELIA W. REIMERS,
Department of Economics, Hunter College and the Graduate School, City University of New York
RUBÉN G. RUMBAUT,
Department of Sociology and Center for Research on Immigration, Population, and Public Policy, University of California, Irvine
BARBARA SCHNEIDER,
Department of Sociology, University of Chicago
EDWARD TELLES,
Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles
STEVEN J. TREJO,
Department of Economics, University of Texas at Austin
PETER WARD,
Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin*
National Research Council Staff
BARNEY COHEN, Director,
Committee on Population
FAITH MITCHELL, Senior Program Officer
ANA-MARIA IGNAT, Senior Program Assistant**
ANTHONY S. MANN, Senior Program Assistant
AMY GAWAD, Research Associate***
COMMITTEE ON POPULATION
KENNETH W. WACHTER (Chair),
Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley
ANNE C. CASE,
Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University
CHARLES B. KEELY,
Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University
DAVID I. KERTZER,
Department of Anthropology, Brown University
BARTHÉLÉMY KUATE DEFO,
Department of Demography, University of Montreal
CYNTHIA B. LLOYD,
Policy Research Division, Population Council, New York
THOMAS W. MERRICK,
Center for Global Health, George Washington University
RUBÉN G. RUMBAUT,
Department of Sociology and Center for Research on Immigration, Population, and Public Policy, University of California, Irvine
JAMES W. VAUPEL,
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
ROBERT J. WILLIS,
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
BARNEY COHEN, Director
Acknowledgments
The sponsors of this project recognized the timeliness of a study on Hispanics and in doing so made possible a far-reaching and provoking look at the nation’s fastest-growing minority population. We gratefully acknowledge support of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Cancer Institute, the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health; the U.S. Census Bureau; the National Center for Health Statistics; the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the California HealthCare Foundations, and the California Endowment. Along with this volume, their support resulted in a committee report, Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies: Hispanics and the American Future, for which this is a companion volume.
We also acknowledge the following individuals for their workshop presentations and other contributions to the material in this volume: Jorge Del Pinal, Patricia Fernández-Kelly, Claudia Galindo, John Gallegos, Eugene Garcia, Roberto Gonzalez, John Iceland, J. Gerardo Lopez, Maria Lopez-Freeman, Elizabeth Martin, Jeff Morenoff, Charles V. Morgan, Chandra Muller, Jeff Passel, Yasmin Ramirez, Sean Reardon, Catherine Riegle-Crumb, Jerry Valadez, William A. Vega, Bruce Western, and Marilyn Winkleby.
The papers in this volume have been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Com-
mittee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of one or more papers in this volume: Frank D. Bean, Center for Research on Immigration, Population, and Public Policy, University of California, Irvine; Bruce E. Cain, Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley; Janet Currie, Department of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles; Rodolfo de la Garza, Tomas Rivera Policy Institute, Columbia University; Nancy A. Denton, Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, University at Albany, SUNY; Reynolds Farley, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan; Eugene E. Garcia, College of Education, Arizona State University; James S. House, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; Wendy D. Manning, Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University; Eliseo Perez-Stable, General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Richard Santos, Department of Economics, University of New Mexico; William A. Vega, Behavioral and Research Training Institute, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; John R. Weeks, International Population Center, San Diego State University; and David R. Williams, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
Although the reviewers listed have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of any of the papers nor did they see the final version of any paper before this publication. The review of this volume was overseen by Charles Hirschman, Department of Sociology, University of Washington. Appointed by the NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the papers was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.
Contents
Introduction: E Pluribus Plures or E Pluribus Unum? |
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The Making of a People |
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The Demographic Foundations of the Latino Population |
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Redrawing Spatial Color Lines: Hispanic Metropolitan Dispersal, Segregation, and Economic Opportunity |
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Hispanic Families in the United States: Family Structure and Process in an Era of Family Change |
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Barriers to Educational Opportunities for Hispanics in the United States |
Hispanics in the U.S. Labor Market |
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Economic Well-Being |
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The Health Status and Health Behaviors of Hispanics |
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Access to and Quality of Health Care |
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Latino Civic and Political Participation |
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APPENDIXES |
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Contents: Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies: Hispanics and the American Future |
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