Innovations in Travel Demand Modeling, Volume 1: Session Summaries (2008)

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ment is being developed. Issues with aggregate zone sys- tems are being addressed. These issues include inaccura- cies introduced by spatial aggregation and limited applications to nonmotorized transport analysis. Con- siderable work is focused on overcoming limitations of zonal aggregation. • PCATS has been applied to the central portion of the City of Kyoto. The rectangular area is approximately 13 km (east–west) and 11 km (north–south). The area contains approximately 1.4 million 10-m
10-m parcels. A little over half of these parcels, or approxi- mately 740,000, qualify as destination opportunities. The analysis examined alternative planning measures. These alternatives included a downtown automobile- restricted zone, a reduction in transit fares, a combina- tion of both the automobile- restricted zone and transit fare reduction, and a do- nothing option. The PCATS graphical display system can be used to highlight the alternatives. The application results show that automo- bile trips decrease significantly and transit trips increase slightly with the automobile- restricted zone. Transit trips increase slightly and automobile trips decrease slightly with the fare- reduction option. The combined alterna- tive has the highest impact of reducing automobile trips and increasing transit trips. • Pedestrian movement simulation represents another area of research. To evaluate the allocation of facilities and transportation policies in commercial areas, it is necessary to analyze the behavior of pedestrians in more detail. Elements to examine include street choice, shop choice, and consumption patterns. A pedestrian simulator is under development for integration with PCATS and DEBNetS. • A very simple model of pedestrian shopping behav- ior has been developed. It is difficult to predict a “sudden or spur- of- the- moment” shopping event. A simple nested logit model structure is being developed to address spur- of- the- moment shopping behavior. Elements, such as the attraction of a store by floor space and number of employees; environmental information, such as traffic volumes around the store; and information on the indi- vidual, such as available time, are included. The pedes- trian simulator is being developed to consider individuals’ economic activities in stores. Integrating the pedestrian simulator into PCATS will enable the evalua- tion of transportation planning measures at a microscale or individual level. • In summary, a number of activities have been com- pleted integrating PCATS with DEBNetS. Activities are underway related to continuous representation of the time–space domain and interactions among household members. A dynamic network simulator is fully inte- grated. The pedestrian movement simulator for shopping activity is in use. Complete re- engineering of the software is underway to make it more robust and to address com- puting power issues. Enhanced visualization and anima- tion displays are also being developed. There is extensive application to policy analysis at the microscale. Konstadinos Goulias, University of California, Santa Barbara, moderated this session. 32 INNOVATIONS IN TRAVEL DEMAND MODELING, VOLUME 1