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55 REFERENCES 1. Kaar, P.H., Kriz, L.B., and Hognestad, E. âPrecast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 1: Pilot Tests of Continuous Girders,â Jour- nal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1960; pp. 21â37. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-34. 2. Hanson, N. W. âPrecast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 2: Hori- zontal Shear Connections,â Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1960; pp. 38â58. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-35. 3. Mattock, A.H., and Kaar, P.H. âPrecast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 3: Further Tests of Continuous Girders,â Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sept 1960; pp. 51â78. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-43. 4. Mattock, A.H., and Kaar, P.H. âPrecast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 4: Shear Tests of Continuous Girders,â Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan 1961; pp. 19â46. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-45. 5. Mattock, A.H. âPrecast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 5: Creep and Shrinkage Studies,â Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 3, No. 2, May 1961; pp. 32â66. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-46. 6. Mattock, A.H., and Kaar, P.H. âPrecast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 6: Test of Half-Scale Highway Bridge Continuous over Two Spans,â Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 3, No. 3, Sept 1961; pp. 30â70. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-51. 7. Freyermuth, C.L. âDesign of Continuous Highway Bridges with Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girders,â Journal of the Pre- stressed Concrete Institute, Vol. 14, No. 2, April 1969; pp. 14â39. Also reprinted as PCA Engineering Bulletin EB014.01E, August 1969. 8. Salmons, J.R., and McCrate, T.E. Bond of Untensioned Pre- stress Strand. Interim Report 73-5A, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Depart- ment, August 1973. 9. Salmons, J.R., and May, G.W. Strand Reinforcing for End Connections of Pretensioned I-Beam Bridges. Interim Report 73-5B, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Department, May 1974. 10. Salmons, J.R. End Connections of Pretensioned I-Beam Bridges. Final Report 73-5C, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Department, Nov 1974. 11. Oesterle, R.G., Glikin, J.D., and Larson, S.C. NCHRP Report 322: Design of Precast Prestressed Bridge Girders Made Con- tinuous. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Washington, DC; November 1989. 12. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 2nd Edition. American Assoc. of State Highway and Transportation Offi- cials; Washington, DC; 1998. 13. Salmons, J.R. Behavior of Untensioned-Bonded Prestressing Strand. Final Report 77-1, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Department, June 1980. 14. Ramirez, J.A., Abdalla, O.A., and Lee, R.H. Strand Debonding in Pretensioned Beams: Precast Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders with Debonded Strands, Continuity Issues, Joint High- way Research Project, Indiana DOT/Purdue University, FHWA/ INDOT/JHRP-92-24, June 1993. 15. AASHTO Standard Specifications for Bridge Design, 16th Edi- tion. American Assoc. of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Washington DC; 1996. 16. Peterman, R.J., and Ramirez, J.A. âRestraint Moments in Bridges with Full-Span Prestressed Concrete Form Panels,â PCI Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1, January-February 1998; pp. 54â73. 17. Peterman, R.J., and Ramirez, J.A. âBehavior and Strength of Bridges with Full-Span Prestressed Concrete Form Panels,â PCI Journal, Vol. 43, No. 2, March-April 1998; pp. 80â91. 18. Tadros, M.K., Ficenec, J.A., Einea, A., and Holdsworth, S. âA New Technique to Create Continuity in Prestressed Concrete Members,â PCI Journal, Vol. 38, No. 5, September-October 1993; pp. 30â37. 19. Ma, Z., Huo, X., Tadros, M.K., and Baishya, M. âRestraint Moments in Precast/Prestressed Concrete Continuous Bridges,â PCI Journal, Vol. 43, No. 6, November-December 1998; pp. 40â56. 20. âTemperature Gradient Cracks Viaduct Girders,â Engineering News Record; May 30, 1994; pp. 14â15. 21. Cracks in Precast Prestressed Bulb Tee Girders on Structure Nos. I-565-45-11.5 A. & B. on I-565 in Huntsville, Alabama. Alabama DOT, September 1994. 22. Collins, M., Mitchell, D., Felber, A., and Kuchma, D. RESPONSE V 1.0. provided with Prestressed Concrete Struc- tures. Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1991. 23. ACI Committee 209. âPrediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Tem- perature Effects in Concrete Structures,â in Designing for Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete Structures. Publication SP-76, Amer- ican Concrete Institute, 1989; pp. 193â300. 24. PCI Design Handbook, 5th Edition. Precast/Prestressed Con- crete Institute: Chicago, IL; 1999. 25. Mirmiran, A., Kulkarni, S., Miller, R., Hastak, M., and Castro- dale, R. âNonlinear Continuity Analysis of Precast/Prestressed Girders with Cast-in-Place Deck and Diaphragm,â PCI Jour- nal, SeptemberâOctober 2001. 26. Russell, H., Ozyildirim, C., Tadros, M., and Miller, R. Compila- tion and Evaluation of Results from High-Performance Concrete Bridge Projects. Project DTFH61-00-C-00009 on compact disc, Federal Highway Administration; Washington, DC; 2003. 27. ANSYS Reference Manuals. SAS IP Inc., 1996. 28. Elzanaty, A.H., Nilson, A.H., and Slate, F.O. âShear Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Beams Using High-Strength Con- crete,â ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 83, 1986; pp. 359â368. 29. Kotsovos M.D., Pavlovic, M.N. âStructural Concrete: Finite Element Analysis for Limit-State Design,â Thomas Telford Publication. 1995. 30. Holombo, J., Priestley, M.J.N., and Seible, F. âContinuity of Precast Prestressed Spliced-Girder Bridges Under Seismic Loads.â PCI Journal, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2000; pp. 40â63.