Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways (2007)

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Final Report for NCHRP Report 581: Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 104 REFERENCES 1. Ullman, G. L. and Krammes, R. A., “Analysis of Accidents at Long-Term Construction Projects in Texas.” Report No. FHWA/TX-90/1108-2, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX (June 1991). 2. Migletz, J., Graham, J. L., Anderson, I. B., Harwood, D. W., and Bauer, K. M., “Work Zone Speed Limit Procedure.” TRR 1657, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1999) pp.24-30. 3. Federal Highway Administration, “Moving Ahead: The American Public Speaks on Roadways and Transportation Communities.” FHWA-OP-01-017, Washington, DC (2001). 4. Federal Highway Administration, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Washington, DC (2003). 5. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. Washington, DC (2004). 6. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Roadside Design Guide. Washington, DC (2002). 7. Walker, V. and Upchurch, J., “Effective Countermeasures to Reduce Accidents in Work Zones.” Report No. FHWA-AZ99-467, Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, AZ (Nov. 1999). 8. Daniel, J., Dixon, K., and Jared, D., “Analysis of Fatal Crashes in Georgia Work Zones.” TRR 1715, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (2000) pp. 18-23. 9. Garber, N. J. and Zhao, M., “Crash Characteristics at Work Zones.” Report No. VTRC 02-R12, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA (May 2002). 10. Graham, J. L., Paulsen, R. J., and Glennon, J. C., “Accident Analyses of Highway Construction Zones.” TRR 693, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1978) pp. 25-32. 11. Lisle, F. N., “Evaluation of Timber Barricades and Precast Concrete Traffic Barriers for Use in Highway Construction Areas.” TRR 693, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1978) pp. 18-25. 12. Hall, J. W. and Lorenz, V. M., “Characteristics of Construction Zone Accidents.” TRR 1230, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1989) pp. 20-27.

Final Report for NCHRP Report 581: Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 105 13. Pal, R. and Sinha, K. C., “Analysis of Crash Rates at Interstate Work Zones in Indiana.” TRR 1529, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1996) pp. 43-53. 14. Khattak, A. J., Khattak, A. J., and Council, F. M., “Effects of Work Zone Presence on Injury and Non-injury Crashes.” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 34 (2002) pp. 19-29. 15. Casteel, D. B. and Ullman, G. L., “Accidents at Entrance Ramps in Long-Term Construction Work Zones.” TRR 1352, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1991) pp. 46-55. 16. Venugopal, S. and Tarko, A., “Safety Models for Rural Freeway Work Zones.” TRR 1715, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (2000) pp. 1-9. 17. Khattak, A. J. and Targa, F., “Injury Severity and Total Harm in Truck-Involved Work Zone Crashes.” 83rd Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, TRB 2004 Annual Meeting CD-ROM (Jan. 2004). 18. Pigman, J. G. and Agent K. R., “Highway Accidents in Construction and Maintenance Work Zones.” TRR 1270, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1990) pp. 12-21. 19. Ha, T. J. and Nemeth, Z. A., “Detailed Study of Accident Experience in Construction and Maintenance Zones.” TRR 1509, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1995) pp. 38-45. 20. Wang, J., Hughes, W. E., Council, F. M., and Paniati, J. F., “Investigation of Highway Work Zone Crashes: What We Know and What We Don’t Know.” TRR 1529, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1996) pp. 54-62. 21. Nemeth, Z. A. and Migletz, D. J., “Accident Characteristics before, during, and after Safety Upgrading Projects on Ohio’s Rural Interstate System.” TRR 672, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1978) pp. 19-24. 22. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Fatality Analysis Reporting System, http://www.transtats.bts.gov/. 23. Griffin, L. I., “Three Procedures for Evaluating Highway Safety Improvement Programs.” Annual Convention of American Society of Civil Engineers, New Orleans (Oct. 29, 1982).

Final Report for NCHRP Report 581: Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 106 24. Burns, E. N., Dudek, C. L., and Pendleton, O. J., “Construction Costs and Safety Impacts of Work Zone Traffic Control Strategies.” Report No. FHWA-RD-89-209, Vol. 1, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (Dec. 1989). 25. Ullman, G. L., A.J. Holick, S.M. Turner, and T.A. Scriba. Estimates of Work Zone Exposure on the National Highway System in 2001. In Transportation Research Record 1877. 2004, pp. 62-68. 26. Burns, E. N., Dudek, C. L., and Pendleton, O. J., “Construction Costs and Safety Impacts of Work Zone Traffic Control Strategies.” Report No. FHWA-RD-89-209, Vol. 1, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (Dec. 1989). 27. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Highway Capacity Manual, Washington, DC (2000). 28. Federal Highway Administration, “Identifying Acceptable Highway Safety Features.” Memorandum from Director, Office of Engineering, Washington, DC (July 25, 1997). 29. Federal Highway Administration, “Crash Tested Work Zone Devices.” Memorandum from Director, Office of Engineering, Washington, DC (August 28, 1998). 30. Krammes, R. A. and Lopez, G. O., “Updated Capacity Values for Short Term Freeway Work Zone Lane Closures.” TRR 1442, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1994) pp. 49-56. 31. Dudek, C. L., “Notes on Work Zone Capacity and Level of Service.” Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (1984). 32. Dudek, C. L., Richards, S. H., and Buffington, J. L., “Improvements and New Concepts for Traffic Control in Work Zones, Vol. I: Four Lane Divided Highways.” Report FHWA-RD-85-034, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (1985). 33. Burns, E. N., Dudek, C. L., and Pendleton, O. J., “Construction Costs and Safety Impacts of Work Zone Traffic Control Strategies, Vol. I: Final Report.” Report FHWA-RD-89-209, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (1989). 34. Ressel, W., “Traffic Flow and Capacity at Work Sites on Freeways.” Highway Capacity and Level of Service, International Symposium on Highway Capacity, Karlsruhe, Germany, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Proceedings (1991) pp. 321-328. 35. Federal Highway Administration, Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Work Zone Safety. Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 25, Docket No. FHWA-2001-11130. Washington, DC (February 6, 2002).

Final Report for NCHRP Report 581: Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 107 36. Fitzpatrick, K., Carlson, P., Brewer, M. A., Wooldridge, M. D., and Miaou, S. P., “Design Speed, Operating Speed, and Posted Speed.” NCHRP Report 504, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (2003). 37. Zegeer, C. V. and Council, F. M., “Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features: Volume III, Cross Sections.” Report FHWA-RD-91-048, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (1991). 38. Harwood, D. W., Council, F. M., Hauer, E., Hughes, W. E., and Vogt, A., “Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Roads.” Report FHWA-RD- 99-207, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (2000). 39. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Model Drainage Manual. Washington, DC (2002). 40. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway Design and Operational Practices Related to Highway Design. Washington, DC (1974). 41. American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Guide for Selecting, Locating and Designing Traffic Barriers. Washington, DC (1977). 42. American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals. Washington, DC (2001). 43. American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, A Policy on the Accommodation of Utilities within Highway Right-of-Way. Washington, DC (1994). 44. American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, A Policy on the Accommodation of Utilities within Freeway Right-of-Way. Washington, DC (1989). 45. Ross, H. E., Jr., Sicking, D. L., and Zimmer, R. A., “Recommended Procedures for Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features.” NCHRP Report 350, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1993). 46. Ross, H. E. and Sicking, D. L. “Guidelines for Use of Temporary Barriers in Work Zones.” Final Report, Volume I, Research Report 4151-1, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 1983. 47. Michie, J. D. “Development and Application o Positive Barrier Warrants in Highway Construction Zones.” Reports on Traffic Flow and Safety Applications of Road Barriers, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (2000).

Final Report for NCHRP Report 581: Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 108 48. Mak, K., and Sicking, D. L., “Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) – Engineer’s Manual.” NCHRP Report 492, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (2003). 49. Glennon, J. C., “Roadside Safety Improvement Programs on Freeways: A Cost- Effectiveness Priority Approach.” NCHRP Report 148, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1974). 50. Cooper, P., “Analysis of Roadside Encroachments – Single-Vehicle Run-off-Road Accident Data Analysis for Five Provinces,” B.C. Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, March 1980. 51. United States Department of Transportation, “Motor Vehicle Accident Costs,” Technical Advisory T7570.2, October 31, 1994. accessed at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/techadvs/t75702.htm 52. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Bureau of Design, “Construction Cost Catalog for Standard Construction Items,” January 2003. 53. M. T. Hagan, Demuth, H. B., and Beale, M., Neural Network Design. PWS Publishing Company (1996). 54. Demuth, Howard and Beale, Mark. Neural Network Toolbox User’s Guide: For Use with MATLAB. The Mathsworks, Inc., Natick, MA (2004). 55. Abrams, C.M. and Wang, J.J. Planning and Scheduling Work Zone Traffic Control. Report No. FHWA-IP-81-6. Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC. October 1981. 56. Federal Highway Administration, Briefing on FHWA Innovative Contracting Practices: Special Experimental Project No. 14 (SEP-14). Washington DC. Accessed at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/contracts/sep_a.htm. 57. Federal Highway Administration, Speed Management. Washington DC. Accessed at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speed_manage. 58. Fambro, D. B., Fitzpatrick, K., Koppa, R. J., “Determination of Stopping Sight Distances.” NCHRP Report 400, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1997). 59. Olson, P. L., Cleveland, D. E., Fancher, P. S., Kostyniuk, L. P., and Schneider, L. W., “Parameters Effecting Stopping Sight Distance.” NCHRP Report 270, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1984). 60. Florida Department of Transportation Office of Design, Drainage Section, Drainage Handbook: Temporary Drainage Design. Tallahassee, FL (2001).

Final Report for NCHRP Report 581: Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 109 61. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Model Drainage Manual. Washington, DC (2002). 62. Texas Department of Transportation, Hydraulic Design Manual (2004). Accessed at http://manuals.dot.state.tx.us/dynaweb/colbridg/hyd/@ebt- link;cs=default;ts=default;pt=45275?target=IDMATCH(id,g100007);book=hyd. 63. Morgan, R.L., “Temporary Rumble Strips,” Special Report 140. Report FHWA/NY/SR-03/140, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (2003). 64. Fontaine, M.D. and Carlson, Paul J., “Evaluation of Speed Displays and Rumble Strips at Rural Maintenance Work Zones.” Proceedings, 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 7-11, 2001.