Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
U.S. POLICY FOR THE 1990S: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Report of a Symposium SPONSORED BY BOARD ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL National Academy Press AIIP 1 E\ 'Oft (i-* H tro^i nUu 1 J &\J Washington, DC 1989 PROPERTY OF %M" IMRC LIBRARY Ordw NO..
I ] NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of I Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee J responsible for the project were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. , This report has been reviewed by a group other than the participants according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of ' members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. I The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating | society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise I the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences. I The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the I charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the I responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of I Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievement of ⢠engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of I Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate I professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of | the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the . federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical I care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the ⢠Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of I Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology | with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the I National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in I providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies ⢠and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are I chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Board on Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) of the Office of International Affairs, National Research Council, addresses a range of issues arising from the ways in which science and technology in developing countries can stimulate and complement the complex processes of social and economic development. It oversees a broad program of activities . with scientific organizations in developing countries that includes overseas I activities, research grants, published reports of studies, advisory committees, conferences and seminars, and outreach activities. This report was prepared by BOSTID under a grant from the James S. I McDonnell Foundation and Grant No. DAN-5533-G-SS-1023-00 from the U.S. Agency | for International Development. I I I
3 J ^ ] ) 1 U.S. POLICY FOR THE 1990s: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2 PLENARY PRESENTATION HIGHLIGHTS 4 WORKING GROUP DISCUSSIONS 6 PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH 6 DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY 10 ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY 13 THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 15 THE ADVANCED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 20 MECHANISMS AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 23 APPENDICES AGENDA PARTICIPANTS