Appendix C
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAAS |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
AG |
Australia Group |
ASM |
American Society for Microbiology |
BWC |
Biological Weapons Convention |
CRISPR |
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
CUI |
Controlled unclassified information |
DTRA |
Defense Threat Reduction Agency |
DURC |
Dual use research of concern |
EAR |
Export Administration Regulations |
EASAC |
European Academies Scientific Advisory Council |
FBI |
Federal Bureau of Investigation |
FESAP |
Federal Experts Security Advisory Panel |
FOIA |
Freedom of Information Act |
GOF |
Gain-of-function |
GOFROC |
Gain-of-function Research of Concern |
HHS |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
HPAI |
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
ICSU |
International Council for Science |
iGEM |
international Genetically Engineered Machines competition |
IRE |
Institutional Review Entity |
ITAR |
International Traffic in Arms Regulation |
MERS |
Middle East respiratory syndrome |
NATO |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
NIH |
U.S. National Institutes of Health |
NRC |
National Research Council |
NSABB |
National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity |
NSDD-189 |
National Security Decision Directive-189 |
OSTP |
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy |
PATRIOT Act |
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 |
PI |
Principal Investigator |
PIP |
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework |
PNAS |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
PPP |
Pathogens of pandemic potential |
SARS |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome |
Synbio LEAP |
Synthetic Biology Leadership Excellence Accelerator Program |
UN |
United Nations |
UNESCO |
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNSC |
United Nations Security Council |
WHO |
World Health Organization |