USING TECHNOLOGY
TO ADVANCE
GLOBAL HEALTH
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Rachel M. Taylor and Joe Alper, Rapporteurs
Forum on Public—Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety
Board on Global Health
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This project was supported by Anheuser-Busch InBev; Becton, Dickinson and Company; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Catholic Health Association of the United States; ExxonMobil; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; General Electric; Global Health Innovative Technology Fund; Intel Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Medtronic; Merck; Novartis Foundation; PATH; PepsiCo; Procter & Gamble Co.; The Rockefeller Foundation; Safaricom; United Nations Foundation; University of Notre Dame; UPS Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Global Affairs; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Verizon Foundation; and The Vitality Group. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-46477-2
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-46477-3
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/24882
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using technology to advance global health: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/24882.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON USING TECHNOLOGY TO ADVANCE GLOBAL HEALTH1
ANN AERTS (Co-Chair), Head, Novartis Foundation
ELAINE GIBBONS (Co-Chair), Executive Director, Global Corporate Engagement, PATH
ROBERT BOLLINGER, Professor of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
REZA JAFARI, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, e-Development International
ANNA THOMPSON-QUAYE, Senior Director Business Development & Strategic Partnerships, access.mobile International
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for this published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
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FORUM ON PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR GLOBAL HEALTH AND SAFETY1
JO IVEY BOUFFORD (Co-Chair), President, The New York Academy of Medicine
CLARION JOHNSON (Co-Chair), Private consultant, ExxonMobil
ANN AERTS, Head, Novartis Foundation
SIR GEORGE ALLEYNE, Director Emeritus, Pan American Health Organization; Chancellor, University of the West Indies
RAJESH ANANDAN, Senior Vice President, Strategic Partnerships and UNICEF Ventures, U.S. Fund for UNICEF
NATASHA BILIMORIA, Director, U.S. Strategy, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
DEBORAH L. BIRX, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and U.S. Special Representative for Global Health Diplomacy, U.S. Department of State, U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
SIMON BLAND, Director, New York Liaison Office, UNAIDS
ROBERT BOLLINGER, Professor of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
STEPHEN CHEGE, Director, Corporate Affairs, Safaricom
GARY M. COHEN, Executive Vice President and President, Global Health and Development, Becton, Dickinson and Company (until February 2018)
BRENDA D. COLATRELLA, Executive Director, Corporate Responsibility, Merck; President, Merck Foundation
BRUCE COMPTON, Senior Director of International Outreach, Catholic Health Association of the United States
PATRICIA DALY, Associate Vice President, Global Health, Save the Children
KATE DODSON, Vice President for Global Health Strategy, United Nations Foundation
JENNIFER ESPOSITO, Worldwide General Manager, Health and Life Sciences, Intel Corporation
RENUKA GADDE, Vice President, Global Health, Becton, Dickinson and Company
ELAINE GIBBONS, Executive Director, Global Corporate Engagement, PATH
ROGER GLASS, Director, Fogarty International Center
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for this published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
DANIELLE GREENBERG, Senior Director, Global R&D; Senior Fellow, Nutrition Sciences, PepsiCo
RICHARD GUERRANT, Thomas H. Hunter Professor of International Medicine, University of Virginia
TREVOR GUNN, Vice President, International Relations, Medtronic
JESSICA HERZSTEIN, Consultant, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
BEN HOFFMAN, Chief Medical Officer, GE Energy
A. REZA JAFARI, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, e-Development International
JAMES JONES, Manager, Community Investment Programs, ExxonMobil
ALLISON TUMMON KAMPHUIS, Leader, Children’s Safe Drinking Water Program, Social Sustainability, Procter & Gamble Co.
ROSE STUCKEY KIRK, President, Verizon Foundation
SEEMA KUMAR, Vice President, Innovation, Global Health & Science Policy Communication, Johnson & Johnson
MARISSA LEFFLER, Center for Accelerating Innovation and Impact, U.S. Agency for International Development
EDUARDO MARTINEZ, President, UPS Foundation
JOHN MONAHAN, Senior Advisor to the President, Georgetown University
MICHAEL MYERS, Managing Director, The Rockefeller Foundation
ANDRIN OSWALD, Director, Life Sciences Partnerships, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
REGINA RABINOVICH, ExxonMobil Malaria Scholar in Residence, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
SCOTT C. RATZAN, President, Anheuser-Busch InBev Foundation
B. T. SLINGSBY, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director, Global Health Innovative Technology Fund
KATHERINE TAYLOR, Associate Director and Director of Global Health Training, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame
MARY LOU VALDEZ, Associate Commissioner for International Programs, Director, Office of International Programs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
DEREK YACH, Chief Health Officer, The Vitality Group (until September 2017)
TADATAKA “TACHI” YAMADA, Venture Partner, Frazier Healthcare Partners
Health and Medicine Division Staff
RACHEL TAYLOR, Senior Program Officer and Forum Director
PRIYANKA NALAMADA, Research Associate
KATHERINE PEREZ, Senior Program Assistant
DANIEL CESNALIS, Financial Associate
JULIE PAVLIN, Director, Board on Global Health
Consultant
JOE ALPER, Science Writer
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Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
MAGNUS MORDU CONTEH, World Vision International
ALAIN LABRIQUE, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
ALICE LIU, mPowering Frontline Health Workers
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by GARRETT MEHL, World Health Organization. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
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Acknowledgments
A number of individuals contributed to the development of this workshop and proceedings. These include a number of staff members from the Health and Medicine Division and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Daniel Cesnalis, Faye Hillman, Sarah Kelley, Priyanka Nalamada, Julie Pavlin, Katherine Perez, Bettina Ritter, and Rachel Taylor. The planning committee contributed several hours of service to develop and execute the agenda. Reviewers also provided thoughtful remarks in reading the draft manuscript.
The overall successful functioning of the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety (PPP Forum) and its activities depends on the generosity of its sponsors. Financial support for the PPP Forum is provided by Anheuser-Busch InBev; Becton, Dickinson and Company; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Catholic Health Association of the United States; ExxonMobil; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; General Electric; Global Health Innovative Technology Fund; Intel Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Medtronic; Merck; Novartis Foundation; PATH; PepsiCo; Procter & Gamble Co.; The Rockefeller Foundation; Safaricom; United Nations Foundation; University of Notre Dame; UPS Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Global Affairs; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Verizon Foundation; and The Vitality Group.
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Contents
Organization of the Proceedings
2 DIGITAL HEALTH WITHIN THE CURRENT GLOBAL CONTEXT
3 ENABLING A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO HEALTH
Multidisciplinary Business Models for Digital Health
4 COUNTRY-LEVEL DIGITAL HEALTH STRATEGIES
Engaging Digital “Teenager” Companies in Global Health
PATH’s Digital Health Initiative
Implementing a National eHealth Strategy in Nigeria
Asia eHealth Information Network
5 PUSH VERSUS PULL AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL
Social Mobile Media to Connect, Train, Manage, and Empower Health Workers
Value Proposition for Pulling Data from the Community
Bottom-Up Innovation to Improve Patient Engagement
6 TAPPING INTO GRASSROOTS INITIATIVES AND ENTREPRENEURS
C Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches
BOX AND FIGURES
BOX
FIGURES
2-1 The cascade of health interventions for any disease
2-2 IT opportunities for health interventions for any disease
4-1 Trends in malaria case reporting in southern Zambia over several rainy seasons
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AeHIN | Asia eHealth Information Network |
BMGF | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
CDC | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
DALY | disability-adjusted life year |
DHIS | District Health Information Software |
ECAP | Ebola Community Action Platform |
EHR | electronic health record |
FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
ICT | information and communication technology |
IT | information technology |
ITU | International Telecommunication Union |
LMIC | low- and middle-income country |
mHealth | mobile health |
PAHO | Pan American Health Organization |
PPP | public–private partnership |
SDG | Sustainable Development Goal |
UK | United Kingdom |
UN | United Nations |
USAID | U.S. Agency for International Development |
WHO | World Health Organization |