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87 A p p e n d i x C Tables C-1 through C-3 contain U-Pass SWOT analyses for transit agencies, institutions, and students, respectively. T1-3 U-Pass Swot Analysis from Literature Review Transit Agency Positive Impacts Negative Impacts Internal Strength · Provides a stable source of income · Ridership gains help maximizing the use of buses · Fewer complaints from public about empty buses · Transit unions pleased by additional work · Politicians and public see a more important role for transit · Students more likely to use transit after they graduate Weakness · Difficulty in balancing U-Pass revenues and costs · Negotiating a contract requires compromise · Short of buses with higher ridership External Opportunity · Successful experience from other cases Threat · Dwindling resources and chronic understaffing · Short of subsidy from government · Working out the details · Getting the administration on board Table C-1. U-Pass SWOT analyses from literature review: for transit agencies.
88 College Student Transit pass programs Institution Positive Impacts Negative Impacts Internal Strength · Reduces existing parking demand and its future growth · Enables use of land for buildings or green space, rather than parking lots · Provides a tax-advantaged transportation benefit that can help recruit and retain students and employees · Increases âtown-gownâ integration Weakness · N/A External Opportunity · Successful experience from other cases Threat · Increasing parking price may cause complaints · Equity concerns Table C-2. U-Pass SWOT analyses from literature review: for institutions. Students Positive Impacts Negative impacts Internal Strength · Reduced fee or free access to transit · Improved transit services designed to meet student needs · Offers a safe and reliable travel option for those who consume alcohol Weakness · Mandatory to students who rarely take transit · Referendum takes time External Opportunity · Easier for students in residence to explore the area Threat · Increased fee needed to improve service Table C-3. U-Pass SWOT analyses from literature review: for students.