Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements (2018)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

85 2016 Aggregates Industry Atlas. Aggregates Manager. Available: https://www.aggmanatlas.com/. Abdelrahman, M., A. Hardy, and A. Saboori. (2010). A Property-Based Specification for Coarse Aggregate in Pavement Applications. Report MN/RC 2010-3. Research Services Section, Minnesota Department of Trans- portation, Saint Paul. Adlinge, S., and A. Gupta. (2013). Pavement Deterioration and Its Causes. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2(4), 437–450. Alaska DOT. (2016). Alaska Test Methods Manual. Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, Juneau. Allen, J. (1973). The Effect of Non-Constant Lateral Pressures of the Resilient Response of Granular Materials. PhD dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Allen, J., and M. R. Thompson. (1974). Resilient Response of Granular Materials Subjected to Time-Dependent Lateral Stresses. Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 510, 1–13. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2013). Standard Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2015). Standard Specification for Reclaimed Concrete Aggregate for Use as Coarse Aggregate in Hydraulic Cement Concrete, Provisional Standard MP16-13, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2001). Removal and Reuse of Hardened Concrete, ACI 555R-01. American Concrete Institute Committee 555, Farmington Hills, Mich. American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA). (1995). Subgrade and Subbase for Concrete Pavements. Concrete Paving Technology. Available: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/stateaid/projectdelivery/pdp/tools/ subgrade-subbase.pdf. American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA). (2009). Recycling Concrete Pavements. Available: http:// 1204075.sites.myregisteredsite.com/downloads/TS/EB043P/TS043.3P.pdf. Arizona DOT (2008). Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. Arizona Department of Trans- portation, Phoenix. Arulrajah, A., J. Piratheepan, and M. Disfani. (2012). Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Properties of Recycled Construction and Demolition Materials in Pavement Subbase Applications. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(8), 1077–1088. Arulrajah, A., J. Piratheepan, and M. Disfani. (2013). Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Recycled Concrete Aggregate Blends in Pavement Subbases: Laboratory and Field Evaluation. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(2), 349–357. Asphalt Institute (2009). MS-16: Asphalt in Pavement Preservation and Maintenance. Available: https:// bookstore.asphaltinstitute.org/catalog/book/ms16. Summary of distresses available: http://archive.is/zw3j1. Barksdale, R. (1972). Laboratory Evaluation of Rutting in Base Course Materials. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, London, England, 161–174. Barksdale, R. (1991). The Aggregate Handbook. National Stone Association, Washington, D.C. Barksdale, R., and S. Itani. (1989). Influence of Aggregate Shape on Base Behavior. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1227, 173–182. Bennert, T., W. Papp, A. Maher, and N. Gucunski. (2000). Utilization of Construction and Demolition Debris Under Traffic-Type Loading in Base and Subbase Applications. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board., No. 1714, 33–39. Berkshire Regional Planning Commission. (2001). The Massachusetts Unpaved Roads Best Management Practices Manual: A Guidebook on How to Improve Water Quality While Addressing Common Problems. Project 98-06/319. Prepared for the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Resource Protection. References

86 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements Brand, A. S., and J. R. Roesler. (2015). Steel Furnace Slag Aggregate Expansion and Hardened Concrete Proper- ties. Cement and Concrete Composites, 60, 1–9. Brand, A., J. Roesler, I. Al-Qadi, and P. Shangguan. (2012). Fractionated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP) as a Coarse Aggregate Replacement in a Ternary Blended Concrete Pavement. Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Rantoul. Brandes, H., and C. Robinson. (2006). Correlation of Aggregate Test Parameters to Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Performance in Hawaii. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 132(1), 86–95. Browning, J., D. Darwin, D. Reynolds, and B. Pendergrass. (2011). Lightweight Aggregate as Internal Curing Agent to Limit Concrete Shrinkage. ACI Materials Journal, 108(6), 633–644. Butler, L., S. Tighe, and J. West. (2013). Guidelines for Selection and Use of Coarse Recycled-Concrete Aggre- gates in Structural Concrete. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2335, 3–12. Button, J., D. Perdomo, and R. Lytton. (1990). Influence of Aggregate on Rutting in Asphalt Concrete Pavements. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1259, 141–152. Byard, B., and A. Schindler. (2010). Cracking Tendency of Lightweight Concrete. Highway Research Center, Auburn University, Ala. Caltrans (2015). Standard Specifications. California State Transportation Agency, Department of Transpor- tation, Sacramento. Chesner, W., R. Collins, and M. MacKay. (1998). User Guidelines for Waste and By-Product Materials in Pave- ment Construction. Report FHWA-RD-97-148. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Collins, R. J., and S. K. Ciesielski. (1994). NCHRP Synthesis 199: Recycling and Use of Waste Materials and By-Products in Highway Construction. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Cooley Jr, L., and R. James. (2003). Micro-Deval Testing of Aggregates in the Southeast. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board:, No. 1837, 73–79. Copeland, A. (2011). Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Asphalt Mixtures: State of the Practice. Report FHWA-HRT-11-021. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Dahir, S. (1979). A Review of Aggregate Selection Criteria for Improved Wear Resistance and Skid Resistance of Bituminous Surfaces. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 7(5), 245–253. Darter, M., S. A. LaCoursiere, and S. A. Smiley. (1979). Structural Distress Mechanisms in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 715, 1–7. De Juan, M., and P. Gutiérrez. (2009). Study on the Influence of Attached Mortar Content on the Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 872–877. Delatte, N. J. (2014). Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and Performance. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. Deniz, D., E. Tutumluer, E., and J. Popovics. (2010). Evaluation of Expansive Characteristics of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Virgin Aggregate Used as Base Materials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2167, 10–17. Deshpande, Y., and J. Hiller. (2012). Pore Characterization of Manufactured Aggregates: Recycled Concrete Aggregates and Lightweight Aggregates. Materials and Structures, 45(1), 67–79. Desta, B., N. Whiting, J. Olek, M. Snyder, and T. Nantung. (2015). Quick Determination of Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete Aggregates Using the Indiana Department of Transportation Hydraulic Fracture Test Equipment. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2509, 40–45. Dubberke, W., & Marks, V. (1985). The Effect of Deicing Salt on Aggregate Durability. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1031, 27–34. Dukatz, Jr, E. L., and C. R. Marek. (1986). Quality Control Aspects of Producing and Handling Aggregates for Use in Asphaltic Concrete Mixtures (with Discussion and Closure). Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists Proceedings, 55, 238–249. Dumitru, I., T. Zdrilic, and G. Johnson. (2001). Further Investigations of Soil Remineralization Using Quarry Fines in Australia. ICAR 9th Annual Symposium, Austin, TX. Dunford, A. (2013). Friction and the Texture of Aggregate Particles Used in the Road Surface Course. University of Nottingham, England. Edil, T. B., J. M. Tinjum, and C. H. Benson. (2012). Recycled Unbound Materials (No. MN/RC 2012-35). Available: http://www.lrrb.org/pdf/201235.pdf. Engelsen, C., G. Wibetoe, H. van der Sloot, W. Lund, and G. Petkovic. (2012). Field Site Leaching from Recycled Concrete Aggregates Applied as Sub-Base Material in Road Construction. Science of the Total Environment, 427, 86–97. EPA (2016). Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Erichsen, E., A. Ulvik, and K. Sævik. (2011). Mechanical Degradation of Aggregate by the Los Angeles, the Micro-Deval and the Nordic Test Methods. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 44(3), 333.

References 87 ESCSI (2017). Lightweight Chip Seal and Other Uses with Asphalt on Road Surfaces. Available: http:// www.escsi.org/ContentPage.aspx?id=69. Fathifazl, G. (2008). Structural Performance of Steel Reinforced Recycled Concrete Members. PhD dissertation. Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. FHWA (2007). Technical Advisory T 5040.37: Use of Recycled Concrete Pavement as Aggregate in Hydraulic- Cement Concrete Pavement. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. FHWA (2015). Gravel Roads, Construction and Maintenance Guide. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Forster, S. W. (1989). Pavement Microtexture and its Relation to Skid Resistance. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1215, 151–164. Frith, D. J., D. A. Morian, S. M. Stoffels, and S. Saboundjian, S. (2004). Hard Aggregate Resistance to Studded Tires. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1874, 19–28. Gatchalian, D., E. Masad, A. Chowdhury, and D. Little. (2006). Characterization of Aggregate Resistance to Degra- dation in Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixtures. Report 204-1F. International Center for Aggregates Research, The University of Texas at Austin. Grove, H. (2004). The Evolution and Application of MDOT Aggregate Specifications. Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing. Hanna, A. (2003). NCHRP Research Results Digest 281: Aggregate Tests for Portland Cement Concrete Pavements: Review and Recommendations. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Hansen, T. (1986). Recycled Aggregates and Recycled Aggregate Concrete Second State-of-the-Art Report Devel- opments 1945–1985. Materials and Structures, 19(3), 201–246. Henkensiefken, R., P. Briatka, D. Bentz, T. Nantung, and J. Weiss. (2010). Plastic Shrinkage Cracking in Internally Cured Mixtures Made with Pre-wetted Lightweight Aggregate. Concrete International, 32(2), 49–54. Hicks, R., and C. Monismith. (1971). Factors Influencing the Resilient Properties of Granular Materials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 345, 15–31. Hoppe, E., D. Lane, G. Fitch, and S. Shetty. (2015). Feasibility of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Use as Road Base and Subbase Material. Report VCTIR 15-R6. Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, Charlottesville. Hossain, M., D. Lane, and B. Schmidt. (2008a). Results of Micro-Deval Test for Coarse Aggregates from Virginia Sources. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2059, 1–10. Hossain, M., D. Lane, and B. Schmidt. (2008b). Use of the Micro-Deval Test for Assessing Fine Aggregate Durability. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2059, 11–19. Huang, B., X. Shu, and G. Li. (2005). Laboratory Investigation of Portland Cement Concrete Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavements. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(10), 2008–2013. Idaho Transportation Department (2014). Quality Assurance Manual. Idaho Transportation Department, Boise. Illinois DOT (2005). Subgrade Stability Manual. Bureau of Bridges and Structures, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield. Available: http://www.idot.illinois.gov/Assets/uploads/files/Doing-Business/ Manuals-Guides-&-Handbooks/Highways/Bridges/Geotechnical/Subgrade%20Stability%20Manual.pdf. Illinois DOT (2015). Manual of Test Procedures for Materials. Bureau of Materials and Physical Research, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield. Illinois DOT (2017). Policy Memorandum: Recycling Portland Cement Concrete into Aggregate (2014). Available: http://www.idot.illinois.gov/Assets/uploads/files/Doing-Business/Manuals-Guides-&-Handbooks/ Highways/Materials/Aggregate/7-08.2recyclingportlandcementconcrete.pdf. Indiana DOT (2017a). Aggregate Specifications and Requirements. Available: https://www.in.gov/indot/files/ CHAPTER5_InspAggregate.pdf.pdf. Indiana DOT (2017b). Statistical Quality Control for Aggregate Processing. Chapter 6. Available: http:// www.ai.org/indot/files/chapter_06.pdf. International Slurry Surfacing Association (1989). Test Method for Determination of Methylene Blue Absorption Value (MVB) of Mineral Aggregate Filler and Fines. ISSA Bulletin No. 145. International Slurry Surfacing Association, Annapolis, Md. Iowa DOT (2016). Matls. IM T203: General Aggregate Source Information. Office of Materials, Iowa Department of Transportation, Boise. Iowa DOT (2017). Level II Hot Mix Asphalt. Technical Training and Certification Program, Iowa Department of Transportation, Boise. Janssen, D., and M. Snyder. (1994). SHRP Report C-391: Resistance of Concrete to Freezing and Thawing. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Janssen, D., J. DuBose, A. Patel, and B. Dempsey. (1986). Predicting the Progression of D-Cracking. Civil Engineering Studies, Transportation Engineering Series No. 44, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.

88 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements Kalcheff, I., and C. Machemehl, Jr. (1980). Utilization of Crushed Stone Screenings in Highway Construction. Presented at 59th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Kandhal, P. S., and J. F. Parker, J. F. (1998). NCHRP Research Report 404: Aggregate Tests Related to Asphalt Concrete Performance in Pavements. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Kansas DOT (2015). Aggregates for Hot Mix Asphalt (Section 1103). Kansas Department of Transporta- tion, Topeka. Available: https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burConsMain/specprov/ 2015/1103.pdf. Kansas DOT (2017). Aggregates (Part V, Section 5.6, Construction Manual). Kansas Department of Transpor- tation, Topeka. Available: https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burConsMain/Connections/ ConstManual/2018/zzzPart_V_Entire_Version_w_links_final.pdf. Kazmee, H., and E. Tutumluer. (2015). Evaluation of Aggregate Subgrade Materials Used as Pavement Subgrade/ Granular Subbase. Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Rantoul. Kazmee, H., E. Tutumluer, and S. Beshears. (2017). Evaluating Constructed Aggregate Layers of Working Platforms and Flexible Pavements: Adequacy of In-Place Quality Control and Quality Assurance Techniques. Transporta- tion Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2655, 1–12. Kazmee, H., E. Tutumluer, D. Mishra, H. Boler, and J. R. Roesler. (2012). Effects of Material Blending on Strength, Modulus, and Deformation Characteristics of Recycled Concrete Aggregates. TRB Annual Meeting Compen- dium of Paper No. 12-3495. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Kazmierowski, T., A. Bradbury, and J. Hajek. (1994). Field Evaluation of Various Types of Open-Graded Drainage Layers. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1434, 29–36. Kim, H., J. Jeon, and H. Lee. (2012). Workability, and Mechanical, Acoustic and Thermal Properties of Light- weight Aggregate Concrete with a High Volume of Entrained Air. Construction and Building Materials, 29, pp. 193–200. Kim, Y. R., J. Adams, J. H. Im, and J. Lee. (2013). Performance Evaluation of Chip Seals. Progress Toward Performance-Graded Emulsified Asphalt Specifications, 38–67. Langer, W. (2011). Aggregate Resources Availability in the Conterminous United States, Including Suggestions for Addressing Shortages, Quality, and Environmental Concerns. Open File Report 2011-1119. U.S. Depart- ment of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. Langer, W. H. (1988). Natural Aggregates of the Conterminous United States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Lewis, D. W. (1982). Properties and Uses of Iron and Steel Slags. Presented at Symposium on Slag National Institute for Transport and Road Research South Africa. National Slag Association, Pleasant Grove, Utah. Liu, J., S. Zhao, and A. Mullin. (2017). Laboratory Assessment of Alaska Aggregates Using Micro-Deval Test. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 11(1), 27–34. Locander, R. (2009). Analysis of Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a Base Course Material. No. CDOT-2009-5. DTD Applied Research and Innovation Branch, Colorado Department of Transporta- tion, Denver. Luce, A., E. Mahmoud, E. Masad, and A. Chowdhury. (2007). Relationship of Aggregate Microtexture to Asphalt Pavement Skid Resistance. Journal of Testing and Evaluation ASTM, 35(6), 578–588. Lynn, T., R. S. James, P. Y. Wu, and D. M. Jared. (2007). Effect of Aggregate Degradation on Volumetric Proper- ties of Georgia’s Hot-Mix-Asphalt. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1998, 123–131. Mahmoud, E., and E. Ortiz. (2014). Implementation of AIMS in Measuring Aggregate Resistance to Polishing, Abra- sion, and Breakage. Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Rantoul. Mahmoud, E., and G. Perales. (2015). Investigation of Relationships Between AIMS Shape Properties and VST Friction Values. Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Rantoul. Mallick, R., F. Hooper, S. O’Brien, and M. Kashi. (2004). Evaluation of Use of Synthetic Lightweight Aggre- gate in Hot-Mix Asphalt. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1891, 1–7. Manning, D. (2004). Exploration and Use of Quarry Fines. Mineral Solutions. Report 087/MIST2/DACM/ 01. MIST Project Reference: MA/2/4/003. Manchester, England. Masad, E., A. Luce, E. Mahmoud, and A. Chowdhury. (2007). Relationship of Aggregate Texture to Asphalt Pave- ment Skid Resistance Using Image Analysis of Aggregate Shape. Final Report for Highway IDEA Project 114. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. McDaniel, R., and R. Anderson. (2001). NCHRP Report 452: Recommended Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in the Superpave Mix Design Method: Technician’s Manual. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Meininger, R. C. (1998). Aggregate Tests Related to Performance of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement. Unpublished Final Report for NCHRP Project 4-20A. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

References 89 Meininger, R., and S. Stokowski. (2011, September/October). Wherefore Art Thou Aggregate Resources for Highways? Public Roads, 75(2). Available: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/11septoct/ 06.cfm. Michigan DOT (2009). Procedures for Aggregates Inspection. Construction and Technology Division, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing. Michigan DOT (2014). HMA Production Manual. Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing. Minnesota DOT (2005). Standard Specifications for Construction, DIVISION III Materials: Aggregate for Surface and Base Coarses. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Saint Paul. Minnesota DOT (2016). Standard Specifications for Construction. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Saint Paul. Moaveni, M. (2015). Advanced Image Analysis and Techniques for Degradation Characterization of Aggregates. PhD dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Moaveni, M., E. Mahmoud, E. Ortiz, E. Tutumluer, and S. Beshears. (2014). Use of Advanced Aggregate Imaging Systems to Evaluate Aggregate Resistance to Breakage, Abrasion, and Polishing. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2401, 1–10. Mohammadinia, A., A. Arulrajah, J. Sanjayan, M. M. Disfani, M. W. Bo, and S. Darmawan. (2014). Laboratory Evaluation of the Use of Cement-Treated Construction and Demolition Materials in Pavement Base and Subbase Applications. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(6). Available: https://ascelibrary.org/toc/ jmcee7/27/6. Morian, D., T. Van Dam, and R. Perera. (2012). Use of Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Pavements. Report FHWA-HIF-12-008. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. National Asphalt Pavement Association (2015). Best Practices for RAP and RAS Management. National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham, Md. National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association (2013). Aggregates Handbook, 2nd Edition. National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association, Washington, D.C. Nener-Plante, D. (2013). Durability Assessment of Coarse Aggregates for Hot-Mix Asphalt in Maine. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board,, No. 2335, 29–36. New Jersey DOT (2015). MAP Number: 101-15: Materials Approval Procedures. Bureau of Materials, New Jersey Department of Transportation, Trenton. North Carolina DOT and NCAA (2017). Aggregate Quality Control/Quality Assurance Program. North Carolina Department of Transportation and North Carolina Aggregates Association, Raleigh. North Dakota DOT (2015). ND T 2—Sampling of Aggregates. North Dakota Department of Transportation, Bismarck. Available: http://www.dot.nd.gov/manuals/materials/testingmanual/t2.pdf. Oklahoma DOT (2009). Oklahoma 2009 Transportation Commission Document. Oklahoma Department of Transportation, Oklahoma City. Oklahoma DOT (2016). ODOT Coarse Aggregate Source Approval Policy. Oklahoma Department of Transportation, Oklahoma City. Ooi, P., F. Rajabipour, A. Shafaatian, and S. Joo. (2011). Forensic Investigation of Distressed Pavement Supported on a Base Course Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2253, 22–31. Pan, T. (2006). Investigation of Coarse Aggregate Morphology Affecting Hot Mix Behavior Using Image Analysis. PhD dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Pan, T., E. Tutumluer, and J. Anochie-Boateng. (2006). Aggregate Morphology Affecting Resilient Behavior of Unbound Granular Materials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1952, 12–20. Parker, F., and E. Brown. (1998). Effects of Aggregate Properties on Flexible Pavement Rutting in Alabama. ASTM International. Available: https://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/STP/PAGES/STP24212S.htm. Pasetto, M., and N. Baldo. (2010). Experimental Evaluation of High Performance Base Course and Road Base Asphalt Concrete with Electric Arc Furnace steel Slags. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181(1), 938–948. Pintner, R. M., T. S. Vinson, and E. G. Johnson. (1987). Nature of Fines Produced in Aggregate Processing. ASCE Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 1(1), 10–12. Polat, R., M. M. Yadollahi, A. E. Sagsoz, and S. Arasan. (2013). The Correlation Between Aggregate Shape and Compressive Strength of Concrete: Digital Image Processing Approach. International Journal of Structure and Civil Engineering Research, 2(3), 62–80. Prowell, B. D., J. Zhang, E. R. Brown. (2005). NCHRP Report 539: Aggregate Properties and the Performance of Superpave-Designed Hot-Mix Asphalt. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Qamhia, I., H. Kazmee, E. Tutumluer, and H. Ozer. (2017a). A Sustainable Application of Quarry Byproducts Mixed with Large Size Unconventional Aggregates for Improved Performance. International Congress and Exhibition: Sustainable Civil Infrastructures: Innovative Infrastructure Geotechnology, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 262–273.

90 Aggregate Quality Requirements for Pavements Qamhia, I., E. Tutumluer, H. Ozer, and H. Kazmee. (2017b). Field Performance Evaluation of Pavement Con- struction Platforms Utilizing Unconventional Large Size Aggregates Packed with Quarry Byproducts, and Higher Fines Aggregate Subgrade Layers. Presented at International Conference on Highway Pavement and Airfield Technology, Philadelphia, Pa. Qamhia, I., E. Tutumluer, H. Ozer, and H. Kazmee. (2017c). Sustainable Field Applications of Quarry Byproducts Mixed with Large Size Unconventional Aggregates. International Congress and Exhibition: Sustainable Civil Infrastructures: Innovative Infrastructure Geotechnology. 10th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways, and Airfields, Athens, Greece, 262–273. Quiroga, P. N., and D. W. Fowler. (2004). The Effects of Aggregate Characteristics on the Performance of Portland Cement Concrete. ICAR Research Report No. 104-1F. The University of Texas at Austin. Rahman, F., M. Islam, H. Musty, and M. Hossain. (2012). Aggregate Retention in Chip Seal. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2267, 56–64. Rangaraju, P., and J. Edlinski. (2008). Comparative Evaluation of Micro-Deval Abrasion Test with Other Toughness/ Abrasion Resistance and Soundness Tests. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20(5), 343–351. Rao, C., E. Tutumluer, and I. T. Kim. (2002). Quantification of Coarse Aggregate Angularity Based on Image Analysis. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1787, 117–124. Reza, F., and W. Wilde. (2017). Evaluation of Recycled Aggregates Test Section Performance. Report MN/RC 2017-06. Center for Transportation Research and Implementation, Minnesota State University, Mankato. RMRC (2008). User Guidelines for Byproducts and Secondary Use Materials in Pavement Construction—Blast Furnace Slag: Material Description. Recycled Materials Resource Center. RMRC (2017). Blast Furnace Slag—Material Description. Available: http://rmrc.wisc.edu/ug-mat-blast-furnace-slag/. Rohde, L., W. Peres Náñez, and J. Augusto Pereira Cera. (2003). Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag: Base Material for Low-Volume Roads. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1819, 201–207. Saeed, A. (2008). NCHRP Report 598: Performance-Related Tests of Recycled Aggregates for Use in Unbound Pavement Layers. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Saeed, A., J. W. Hall, and W. Barker. (2001). NCHRP Report 453: Performance-Related Tests of Aggregates for Use in Unbound Pavement Layers. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Sani, D., G. Moriconi, G. Fava, and V. Corinaldesi. (2005). Leaching and Mechanical Behaviour of Concrete Manufactured with Recycled Aggregates. Journal of Waste Management, 25(2), 177–182. Snyder, M., D. Janssen, and W. Hansen. (1996). Adoption of a Rapid Test for Determining Aggregate Durability in Portland Cement Concrete. Final Report to the Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing. Stroup-Gardiner, M., and T. Wattenberg-Komas. (2013a). NCHRP Synthesis 435: Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications, Volume 5: Slag Byproducts. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Stroup-Gardiner, M., and T. Wattenberg-Komas. (2013b). NCHRP Synthesis 435: Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications, Volume 4: Mineral and Quarry Byproducts. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Stroup-Gardiner, M., and T. Wattenberg-Komas. (2013c). NCHRP Synthesis 435: Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications, Volume 6: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Recycled Concrete Aggregate, and Construction Demolition Waste. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Texas DOT (2007). Test Procedures for Aggregate Quality Monitoring Program. Tex-499-A. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin. Thom, N. (1988). Design of Road Foundations. PhD dissertation. University of Nottingham, Department of Civil Engineering, Nottingham, England. Thom, N., and S. F. Brown. (1988). The Effect of Grading and Density on the Mechanical Properties of a Crushed Dolomitic Limestone. Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) Conference, Canberra, 14. Thomas, M., B. Fournier, and K. Folliard. (2013). Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity (AAR) Facts Book. Report FHWA- HIF-13-019. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Tolppanen, P. (2001). 3D Characterization and Degradation Analysis of Rock Aggregates Doctoral Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. Tutumluer, E. (2013). NCHRP Synthesis 445: Practices for Unbound Aggregate Pavement Layers. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Tutumluer, E., and T. Pan. (2008). Aggregate Morphology Affecting Strength and Permanent Deformation Behavior of Unbound Aggregate Materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20(9), 617–627. Tutumluer, E., D. Mishra, and A. Butt. (2009). Characterization of Illinois Aggregates for Subgrade Replacement and Subbase. Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Rantoul. Vanderhorst, N., and D. Janssen. (1990). The Freeze-Thaw Environment: What is Severe? Paul Klieger Symposium on Performance of Concrete. SP 122, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich., 181–191. Vavrik, W., W. Pine, and S. Carpenter. (2002). Aggregate Blending for Asphalt Mix Design: Bailey Method. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1789, 146–153.

References 91 Vazquez, C., J. Aguiar-Moya, A. Smit, and J. Prozzi. (2010). Laboratory Evaluation of Influence of Operational Toler- ance (Acceptance Criterion) on Performance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete. Report FHWA/TX-11/0-6045-1. Research and Technology Implementation Office, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin. Virginia DOT (2012). Surface Treatment Certification Study Guide. Materials Division, Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond. Wagoner, M., W. Buttlar, G. Paulino, and P. Blankenship. (2005). Investigation of the Fracture Resistance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Using a Disk-Shaped Compact Tension Test. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1929, 183–192. Washington State DOT (2015). WSDOT Strategies Regarding Use of Steel Slag Aggregate in Pavements. Report to the State Legislature in Response to 2ESHB 1299. Construction Division Pavements Office, Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia. Washington State DOT (2017). Sampling for Aggregate Source Approval. WSDOT SOP 128. Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia. West, R. (2015). Best Practices for RAP and RAS Management. Quality Improvement Series 129. National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham, Md. Available: https://www.asphaltpavement.org/PDFs/EngineeringPubs/ QIP129_RAP_-_RAS_Best_Practices_lr.pdf. White, T., J. Haddock, and E. Rismantojo. (2006). NCHRP Report 557: Aggregate Tests for Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures Used in Pavements. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Willett, J. (2011). 2010 Minerals Yearbook: Stone, Crushed [Advance Release]. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Wu, Y., F. Parker, and P. Kandhal. (1998). Aggregate Toughness/Abrasion Resistance and Durability/Soundness Tests Related to Asphalt Concrete Performance in Pavements. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1638, 85–93. Yi, H., G. Xu, H. Cheng, J. Wang, Y. Wan, and H. Chen. (2012). An Overview of Utilization of Steel Slag. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 16, 791–801. Zaumanis, M., and R. Mallick. (2015). Review of Very High-Content Reclaimed Asphalt Use in Plant-Produced Pavements: State of the Art. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 16(1), 39–55.