Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions (2024) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 623-633
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. The remaining natural gas consumption in the United States occurs in buildings for heat, hot water, cooking, and other energy ser vices for households and businesses (EIA 2022i)
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was projecting in its Reference Case that U.S. natural gas production and crude oil production would rise 14 percent and 10 per cent, respectively, between 2022 and 2050 (EIA 2021a)
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IEA's World Energy Investment 2023 report indicates continued growth in clean energy technology investments, projecting $1.7 trillion USD globally in 2023, compared to about $1 trillion USD for fossil fuels (IEA 2023)
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Such renew able fuels could be "drop-ins" -- that is, synthetic hydrocarbons that are very similar in composition to gasoline, jet fuel, or natural gas currently derived from fossil fuels, but manufactured using biological sources or from hydrogen extracted from water and captured atmospheric CO2. Alternatively, renewable fuels could consist of chemical energy carriers that currently do not have wide societal usage, such as hydrogen or ammonia.
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From page 627... ...
These included: • The establishment of a White House Office of Equitable Energy Transitions to report annually on energy equity indicators and triennially on transition impacts and opportunities (among other things) ; • The establishment of a National Transition Corporation to ensure coordination and funding for job loss mitigation, critical infrastructure siting and deploy ment, and equitable access to economic opportunities, and to create public energy equity indicators; • Funding to support subnational entities' planning for the net-zero transition; • The creation and funding of 10 regional centers to manage socioeconomic dimensions of the net-zero transition and of a net-zero transition office in each state capital; and • The funding of local community block grants for planning and to help identify especially at-risk communities (NASEM 2021a)
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. Appalachian coal production had been relatively flat for more than 20 years before that (Tierney 2016)
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, but eastern coal production has been in decline for 3 decades, whereas western coal pro duction increased until it peaked a decade ago (Figure 12-4)
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500 400 300 East of the 200 Mississippi River 100 West of the Mississippi River 0 Year FIGURE 12-4 Coal production east (blue) and west (orange)
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The Future of Fossil Fuels TABLE 12-1 Economic Activity Related to Coal: Ranking of Selected States Coal-Related Employment: Coal-Fired Power Generation: Rank Number State's % Jobs Coal Production: State's % of Dependence Jobs Related to Rank (in terms of % U.S. Coal-Fired on Coal-Fired in Coal Coal-Fired of U.S.
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From page 632... ...
. Natural Gas Production/Consumption, Prices, and Employment In contrast to coal trends in the 21st century, demand for natural gas has remained robust, especially since around 2010, with increases largely driven by power-sector consumption and to a lesser degree by exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG)
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From page 633... ...
. Also of note is the fundamentally different pricing structure of natural gas relative to fuels like gasoline or crude oil that are liquid at room temperatures and thus easily and inexpensively transported globally.
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