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From page 249... ... , 69 game theory applications, 3, 8 Behavioral game theory. See also Antimatter, 8 Neuroeconomics Arthur, Brian, 176 applications, general, 2�4, 6�7, 8, 71, 108 249 Read the entire page →
From page 250... ... See also Evolutionary game Buckle, Henry Thomas, 126, 137� theory 138, 139 relevance of game theory, 75�77 Buller, David, 120�121, 243 Black, Ira, 122 Black, Karen, 155 Black holes, 8 C The Blank Slate (Pinker) , 112 Body Mass Index, 132 C Read the entire page →
From page 251... ... See Code breaking, 191�192, 195 also Networks Code of Nature Computational modeling of Asimov's psychohistory, vii, 8�9, cognitive processes, 97�102, 109, 113�114, 164, 181, 109 199, 219 Computers cultural diversity and, 109, 178 digital, 29, 185, 219 Darwinian evolution and, 24�26, nanosized, 200 72, 77 quantum, 183, 185�186, 187, defined, 14, 164 191�192 game theory and, 38, 49�50, rudimentary, 197 220, 223�224 Comte, Auguste, 244 genetic endowment and, 113, Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen 223 (film) , 155 law of the jungle, 19, 72, 75, 83 Conflict monitoring, brain region, modern search for, 219�220 104 Morelly's philosophy, 236 Conflict strategy, 70, 104 Nash equilibrium and, 52, 223 Cooperation network math and, 145, 163 animals, 76�77, 85 bargaining problem, 55�56, 66 Read the entire page →
From page 252... ... L., 51 200 Durocher, Leo, 86 Cornell University, 166, 174 Cosmology, 6 E Creationism, 24 Crowd behavior, 169 Eastwood, Clint, 83 Crowe, Russell, 2 Economic game theory. See also Cruz, Penelope, 145 Econophysics; Cultural diversity Neuroeconomics and Code of Nature, 109, 178 applications, general, 2, 3, 6, 11, and economic game theory, 117 22, 27, 34�36, 68, 71�72 and rationality, 115 assumptions, 111, 117 and sociophysics, 177�181 bargaining problem, 55�56 and strategy, 114�119, 178�180 behavioral, 22 Cultural evolution, 7 cultural diversity and, 117 cross-cultural comparison, 113� division of labor, 25, 108 115 evolutionary analogies, 24�26, nature vs. Read the entire page →
From page 253... ... See also specific emotions 26, 236�237 computational analysis of brain Prisoner's Dilemma, 87, 88, 107, activity, 97�98 161�162 games and, 95, 96�97 quantum mechanics and, 195 negative, 104 relevance of, 76�77 and rationality, 95�96, 97, 115 snowdrift game, 162�163 Ender's Game (Card) , 217�218 and social networks, 159�160, Ensminger, Jean, 117�118 162�163 Environment strategies, 78, 79, 81�82, 86�90, behavioral response to, 121�124 107, 124�125 evolutionary landscape, 83�85 utility (fitness) Read the entire page →
From page 254... ... See also and information theory, 200, 212 Networks minimax theorem, 43�49, 58, Graunt, John, 129 239 Gravity, law of, 60, 135 modeling human interactions, Greed, 90 68�69 Greene, Joshua, 224 and networks, 145, 159�163 Guare, John, 146 origin, 2, 26, 27, 28, 30, 185 Gusev, Dmitri, v potential today, 66�72, 223�224 Read the entire page →
From page 255... ... See also Code of Nature Kakutani, Shizuo, 58 fragmented view of, 118�119 Kenney, George, 45�46 nature of, 112�113 Kevin Bacon game, 144�146, 149 universality doctrine, 120�121 Kinetic theory of gases, 127�128, Hume, David, 14, 31, 106, 219 135�140, 168�169, 175, 210 Hurwicz, Leonid, 53 Knockaround Guys (film) , 155 Hutcheson, Francis, 237 Krueger, Alan, 18 Kuang, Le-Man, 192, 193 Kuhn, Harold, 60 I Kurzban, Robert, 66 Ignorance, 205�208, 211�214 L Impartial spectator, 23 Incomplete information, 66 Indirect reciprocity, 86�88 La Rochefoucauld, 110 Infinite series, summing, 29 Lamalera (Indonesia) Read the entire page →
From page 256... ... , 114�115, 116, 220 NASA Ames Research Center, 4, Magnetic resonance imaging, 98�99, 199, 209 105, 192, 242 Nasar, Sylvia, vi, 2, 29, 54, 246 Magnetism, 169�173 Nash, John Forbes, vi, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, Maine, Henry, 19, 236 29, 50, 51�52, 54�56, 59� The Maltese Falcon (film) , 110 61, 66, 70, 140, 164, 220, Marx, Karl, 20 221 Mass action, law of, 57 Nash equilibrium, 111, 142 Mass extinctions, 171 acceptance of, 59, 125 Matching pennies game, 61, 141 assumptions and calculations, Maximum entropy principle, 201� 125, 209, 225�229 202, 205�206, 213�214 bargaining problem, 55�56, 66 Maxwell, James Clerk, 127�128, and Code of Nature, 52 135�140, 142, 168�169, and conflict strategy, 70, 104 175, 219 dissertation, 59�61 Maynard Smith, John, 77�78, 85, economic game theory and, 32, 241 60, 220, 240 Mazlish, Bruce, 13�14 evolutionary game theory and, McFee, Bruce, 155 74�75, 80, 83, 89, 124, 223, McGill University, 123 241 Read the entire page →
From page 257... ... See also Social networks random connections, 148, 149, actors, 144�145, 153, 154�155� 152, 154, 155�156 156, 157, 245 regular lattice, 151�152, 154, airline, 155 155 applications, 147�148, 149, 151, scale-free, 156�157, 159, 163, 160�161, 166 246 biochemical, 151, 160�161 self-organization, 157 clusters/clustering coefficient, small-world (intermediate) model, 149, 152, 153�154, 157 149�153, 154, 156, 157, 158 and Code of Nature, 145, 163 statistical mechanics and, 5, 143, commonalities, 151 145, 163, 166, 180 competitive interactions, 160, strategy, 161�162 161, 166 strongly connected components, degree coefficient, 154 159 degrees of separation, 145�146, ubiquitousness, 146�147, 153, 149, 154, 155�156 159 evolution, 151, 157�158, 159� World Wide Web, 147, 149�150, 163 157, 158�159, 160 Read the entire page →
From page 258... ... , Perfect future knowledge, 34�35 101�102 Perfect information, 33 trust-related brain activity, 103� Petty, William, 129 106 Pfeiffer, Thomas, 160, 161 utility, 99�100 Phase transitions, 169, 170, 171 New York University, 99 Physics. See also Newtonian physics; Newton, Isaac, 2, 21, 26, 35, 69, Sociophysics; Statistical 135 mechanics Newtonian determinism, 130 and economic game thoery, 165, Newtonian physics, 12, 21, 128, 167, 180�181 129, 130 game theory applications, 4, 7, 8, Noncooperative games 36 math for, 200 Physiocrats, 15, 16 Nash's theory, 51, 52, 59�61 Pinker, Steven, 112�113 and statistical physics, 201 Platt, Michael, 99 Northern Illinois University, 120 Pocket calculators, 1 Northwestern University, 11 Poe, Edgar Allan, 61 Notre Dame University, 156 Poisson, Sim�on-Denis, 132 Nowak, Martin, 75�76, 85, 86, 87, Poker, 30, 68, 75, 239 88, 89, 90 bluffing, 43, 48 Political economy, 12, 17, 20�21, 25 O Political science, 3 Power laws, 156�157 Opinion formation and transmission, Prediction of human behavior, 111 167�168, 169, 171�173, 174 Preference. Read the entire page →
From page 259... ... See also in game theory, 140�142, 209� Evolutionary psychology 210 Public goods game, 61, 64�66, 90� of gas molecules, 140�142 92, 117�118, 194 measuring uncertainty in, 205�207 Punishment, 90�92, 103, 107, 116, of mixed strategies, 140, 200, 242 208, 210�211, 215, 238 Purdue University, 214 quantum mechanics and, 196 Probability theory, 130�131, 132. See also Statistics Q applications, 208 early pioneers, 204, 248 Quantum communications, 189�192 and game theory, 140�142, 198, Quantum game theory, vii, 7, 181 199�202, 208�214 applications, 185, 189�190, ignorance and, 205�208, 211 193�194 and information theory, 202�208 and Code of Nature, 195 inventor, 197�198 communication systems, 189� and Nash equilibrium, 199, 200, 192, 247 208�209 and evolutionary game theory, objective view, 203�204 195 Pascal's wager, 198, 211, 248 Nash equilibrium, 187 and psychohistory, 199, 214� origins, 185�189 215, 221 penny flipping game, 182�183, role in science, 197, 198�199, 186�189, 247 202�203 Prisoner's Dilemma, 189, 192, and statistical physics, 142, 199, 193 220�221, 247 public goods game, 194 subjective view, 202�204 quantum computing and, 183, voting games, 214 185�186, 187 Profit maximization. Read the entire page →
From page 260... ... , 155 Quesnay, Fran�ois, 15�16, 17, 125 S Quetelet, Adolphe, 131, 132�134, 136�137, 138, 139, 199, 219 Samuelson, Paul, 52�53 Sanfey, Alan, 103�104 Santa Fe Institute, 165, 176, 180, R 200 Santos, Francisco, 163 Rand Corporation, 2, 29, 246 Savage, Leonard, 211�212, 249 Random Schelling, Thomas, 70�71 factors, 32, 34, 48 Schuster, Stefan, 160, 161 network connections, 148, 149, Schweber, Silvan, 24 152, 154, 155�156 "Science of man," 14 number generator, 48 Sejnowski, Terrence, 122 Rapoport, Anatol, 88, 245 Seldon, Hari, v�vi, 1, 4�5, 30, 34, Rathbone, Basil, 155 42, 113�114, 125, 137, 163, Rationality, 12 174, 219 animals, 241 Self-interest/selfishness, 12, 21�23, culture and, 115 25, 31, 63, 69, 76, 104, 106� defined, 67 107, 110, 111�112, 116, emotions and, 95�96, 97, 115 161, 162, 178 game theory and, 21, 67, 69, 209 Self-organization, 157 limited or bounded, 201, 209 Selten, Reinhard, 2 natural selection as, 78 Set theory, 30, 33 Reciprocal altruism, 86 Shannon, Claude, 204�205 R�nyi, Alfr�d, 148, 149 Shor, Peter, 191 Repeated-games approach, 71, 163 Shubik, Martin, 180�181 Reputation, 87, 89 Sigmund, Karl, 87, 88 Simon, Herbert, 53 Read the entire page →
From page 261... ... See also minority game, 175, 176�177 Evolutionary psychology modeling, 68�69 Socionomics, 165 molecular collision analogy, 153, Sociophysics. See also Psychohistory 166, 168, 173, 201, 210 computer simulations, 180 Nash equilibrium, 175 cultural diversity and, 177�181 opinion formation and and game theory, 175�177 transmission, 167�168, 169, magnetism analogy, 169�173 171�173, 174 Nash equilibrium and, 60, 200 pack/crowd behavior, 170, 171 networks and, 145, 163, 166 Social networks and physics, 60 acceptance of research on, 167 probability theory and, 132�135 clustering property, 154, 157 Quetelet's average man, 133, 139 contagion model, 173�175 resistance to, 166�169 degrees of separation, 145�146 statistical mechanics, 142�143, evolutionary game theory and, 165, 166, 168�169, 174, 159�160, 162�163 175, 199, 200, 210 growth of, 167�168, 224 temperature of society/players, links between nodes, 148�149 39�43, 165, 169, 173, 213, mathematical modeling, 159 214, 249 Nash equilibrium and, 166 Specialization, 25, 78, 108 power laws and, 157 Spite, 63, 111 small-world property, 151 Stability. Read the entire page →
From page 262... ... See also Cooperation; 219, 221 Noncooperative games and Asimov's psychohistory, 4�5, advantageous arrangement, 32� 42, 125, 126�128, 178, 219 33, 49 canonical ensemble, 207�208 altruism, 3, 77, 85�86, 87�88, and Code of Nature, 128, 163 90, 92, 107, 111, 117, 161, game theory and, vi, 4�5, 6, 7, 162 39�43, 128, 199�202 betrayal, 61�64 and kinetic theory of gases, 127� coalitions, 54, 58, 66 128, 135�140, 168�169, communication of, 193�194 175, 200, 210, 221 conflict, 70, 83 and maximum entropy principle, cost of computing, 212�213 201�202, 205�206, 213�214 cultural diversity and, 114�119, mean-field theory, 175 178�180 network math and, 5, 143, 145, cultural evolution and, 111�112, 163, 166, 180 116�117, 124 noncooperative games and, 201 defection, 64�66, 87, 88, 89, 90, of phase transitions, 169, 170, 107, 193 171 defined, 42 predictive powers, 127, 211�212 eavesdropping, 81�83 and probability theory, 142, 199, in economic theory, 37, 42�43, 220�221, 247 104�105 and social interactions, 142�143, evolutionary, 78, 79, 81�82, 86� 165�166, 174, 175, 199 90, 107, 124�125 Statistics. See also Probability theory free-riding, 64�66, 90, 194 Bayesian, 203 generous tit-for-tat, 89 free will and, 134�135, 138 mathematical principles, 32�33 Gaussian distribution, 131, 139 minimax approach, 32, 43�49, interpreting, 134 239 measurement error, 130�131, military example, 45�46 133, 139, 203 mixed, 42�44, 46�49, 54, 58, probability distributions, 140� 64, 65�66, 80, 81, 91, 108, 142 118, 124, 140, 199, 220, and probability theory, 130�131, 238, 239 132 network, 161�162 Quetelet's average man, 133 non-zero-sum games, 44 social, 128�132 payoff matrix, 44�46, 49, 62, 80 uncertainties, 131 population proportion and, 80 Stauffer, Dietrich, 164, 173 probability distributions, 140, Steiger, Rod, 154, 245 200, 208, 210�211, 215, 238 Stewart, Dugald, 20, 24 pure, 42�44, 220 Read the entire page →
From page 263... ... , 70 University of California, San Diego, Strogatz, Steven, 149�151, 152, 185�186 153, 154, 156, 157, 174 University of Chicago, 11, 52, 78 Sutherland, Donald, 155 University of Cologne, 173 Sympathy, 23, 107 University of Ghent, 132 Sznajd-Weron, Katarzyna, 169, University of Glasgow, 15 171�173 University of Hull, 195 University of Maryland, 70 University of Massachusetts, 37 T University of Michigan, 88, 178 University of Minnesota, 106 Tel-Aviv University, 166 University of Oxford, 15, 75 Tennis, 141�142 University of Vienna, 34, 76 Terrorist networks, 167 University of Virginia, 145 Theory of everything, 7�8, 222 University of Wroclaw, 169 Theory of Games and Economic Behavior University of Zurich, 29 (von Neumann and Utilitarianism doctrine, 30�31 Morgenstern) , 26, 35�36, 51, Utility 52�53, 68, 217 brain processes, 99, 100�101, Theory of heat, 39�43, 136 109 Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith) Read the entire page →
From page 264... ... , 40�41, 56 Winner-takes-all game, 78 temperature analogy, 39�43 Wolfram, Stephen, 235, 236�237 utilitarianism doctrine, 30�31 Wolpert, David, 4, 6, 7�8, 199�201, Utility theory, 237 209�214, 215, 249 World War II, 45�46 World Wide Web, 7, 147, 149�150, V 157, 158�159, 160 Wu, Zhi-Xi, 246 Violence, spectating and, 81�83 von Neumann, John, 26, 28�30, 33, 34, 35�40, 42, 43, 47, 48, Y 49�50, 51, 52�54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 75, 95, 185�186, Yale University, 180 217, 221, 237�238, 239, 242 Voting behavior, 167�168, 174, 214 Z quantum game theory application, 185, 190, 194�196 Zak, Paul, 105�106, 109 Zermelo, Ernst, 32�33 Zero-sum games W equilibrium point, 58, 225�227 two-person, 33, 43�50, 53, 54, Wald, Abraham, 249 58, 60, 186 Waldegrave, James, 32 Zhang, Yi-Cheng, 176 Warfare, 83 Zhou, Lan, 192, 193 Read the entire page →

From page 249...

... , 69 game theory applications, 3, 8 Behavioral game theory. See also Antimatter, 8 Neuroeconomics Arthur, Brian, 176 applications, general, 2�4, 6�7, 8, 71, 108 249

Index Pages 249-264

Index
Pages 249-264