Understanding Microbial Biofilms in Receiving Waters Impacted by Airport Deicing Activities (2014) / Chapter Skim
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66 a P P E N D I X B Mass Transfer Boundary Layer Thickness The MTBL thickness, LL, was estimated from fluid dynamics using a method similar to that described by Boltz, Morgenroth, and Sen (2010)
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Biofilm model Information 67 at lowlight intensities and by inhibition kinetics at highlight intensities. The most commonly used model describing photoinhibition is the Steele relationship (Steele 1962)
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Table B-1. Chemical processes, stoichiometric, and rate-expression matrix (after Wolf et al.
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Biofilm model Information 69 Index i Variable Definion Units Soluble Components 1 SCO2 Carbon Dioxide (ion) mol m 3 2 SHCO3 Bicarbonate (ion)
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70 understanding microbial Biofilms in Receiving Waters Impacted by airport Deicing activities Symbol Descripon Value Unit Conversion factors Nitrogen: Soluble Material iNSI Nitrogen content of inert soluble COD, SI 0.01 g N g 1 COD iNSS Nitrogen content of readily biodegradable substrate, SS 0.03 g N g 1 COD Parculate Material iNXI Nitrogen content of inert par culate COD, XI 0.02 g N g 1 COD iNXS Nitrogen content of slowly biodegradable substrate, XS 0.04 g N g 1 COD iNBM Nitrogen content of biomass, XH, XA, XM1, XM2 0.07 g N g 1 COD Total Suspended Solids: iTSSXI TSS to COD ra o for XI 0.75 g TSS g 1 COD iTSSXS TSS to COD ra o for XS 0.75 g TSS g 1 COD iTSSBM TSS to COD ra o for biomass, XH, XA, XM1, XM2 0.90 g TSS g 1 COD Stoichiometric parameters Hydrolysis fSI Produc on of SI in hydrolysis 0.1 g COD g 1 COD Heterotrophic biomass YH,O2 Yield of heterotrophs using oxygen 0.63 g COD g 1 COD YH,NO Yield of heterotrophs using nitrate 0.54 g COD g 1 COD fXI Produc on of XI in endogenous respira on 0.2 g COD g 1 COD Autotrophic biomass YA Yield of autotrophs 0.24 g COD g 1 COD fXI Produc on of XI in endogenous respira on 0.2 g COD g 1 COD Phototrophic biomass YO2/e Yield of oxygen produced per electron transferred DEFINE g COD g 1 COD fXI Produc on of XI in endogenous respira on 0.2 g COD g 1 COD Table B-3. Stoichiometric parameter values for the modified PHOBIA.
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Biofilm model Information 71 Symbol Descripon Value Unit Hydrolysis of parculate substrates: XS kh Hydrolysis rate constant 3.00 d 1 1.041 KX Hydrolysis satura on constant 1.00 g XS g 1 XH Heterotrophic organisms: XH H Maximum growth rate on substrate 6.00 d 1 1.072 NO3,H Reduc on factor for denitrifica on 0.80 bH,O2 Aerobic endogenous respira on rate of XH 0.20 d 1 1.072 bH,NO Anoxic endogenous respira on rate of XH 0.10 d 1 1.072 KO2,H Satura on/inhibi on coefficient for oxygen 0.10 g O2 m 3 KS Satura on coefficient for growth on SS 4.00 g COD m 3 KNO3,H Satura on/inhibi on coefficient for nitrate 0.14 g N m 3 KNH4,H Satura on coefficient for ammonium (nutrient) 0.01 g N m 3 KALK,H Satura on coefficient for alkalinity (HCO3 )
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72 understanding microbial Biofilms in Receiving Waters Impacted by airport Deicing activities Symbol Descripon Value Unit Diffusion coefficients in water DS Readily biodegradable substrate 1.0 × 10 4 m2 d 1 DO2 Oxygen 1.73 × 10 4 m2 d 1 DNH4 Ammonium 1.7 × 10 4 m2 d 1 DNO3 Nitrate 1.47 × 10 4 m2 d 1 DNH3 Ammonia 1.7 × 10 4 m2 d 1 DHCO3 Bicarbonate 1.02 × 10 4 m2 d 1 DCO3 Carbonate 7.9 × 10 5 m2 d 1 DH Hydrogen 1.0 × 10 20 m2 d 1 DCO2 Carbon dioxide 1.65 × 10 4 m2 d 1 Biofilm parameters DF/D Rao of diffusion in biofilm to diffusion in water 0.8 Fracon of the liquid volume in the biofilm 0.8 EPS EPS density in the biofilm X / 6 g CODX/m 3 X Biomass density in the biofilm 170,000 g CODX/m 3 PG Polyglucose density in the biofilm X × 20 g CODX/m 3 LL External mass transfer layer thickness 100 Table B-5. Biofilm parameters and diffusion coefficients.
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Index i SCO2 SHCO3 SNH3 SNO3 SN2 SO2 SPO4 SF SA SI XS XH XA XPS XTSS XI Xdaa XPG Rate 1.
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74 understanding microbial Biofilms in Receiving Waters Impacted by airport Deicing activities Index i Process Descripon Hydrolysis 1. Aerobic 2.
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Biofilm model Information 75 Rate Rate Equaon r1.
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76 understanding microbial Biofilms in Receiving Waters Impacted by airport Deicing activities References Boltz, J P., Morgenroth, E., and Sen, D
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Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005)
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