Biographical Memoirs Volume 57 (1987) / Chapter Skim
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John Howard Mueller
John Howard Mueller
Pages 306-321
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From page 307... ...
PAPPENHEIMER, JR. JOHN HOWARD MUELLER was born ~une 13, IS9l, in Sheffield, Massachusetts, where his father was a Unitarian minister.
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From page 308... ...
He soon found that although he could use an acid hydrolysate of animal protein supplemented with tryptophane instead of commercial "peptones"—as a base for growth of Streptococcus hemolyticus, the hydrolysate could not be replaced by a mixture of the then known amino acids. This led to the fractionation of casein hydrolysate and to the discovery of a new, ubiquitously distributed sulfur-containing amino acid: methionine.
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From page 309... ...
Mueller proceeded to synthesize this thioether and provect that it was not identical with his new amino acid, the structure of which he stated remainect to be cleterminect. In the same year as the discovery of methior~ine, Hans Zinsser was appointed chairman of the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology at the Harvard Meclical School anct asked Mueller to join him as an assistant professor.
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From page 310... ...
Papers ~ and II of the series "Studies on the Culture Requirements of Bacteria" appeared in the Journal of Bacteriology in 1922; paper ITI did not appear until 1933! Nevertheless, in 1930 when Mueller began his classic studies on the nutrition of the diphtheria bacillus, bacterial cells were still regarded!
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From page 311... ...
He then showed that pantothenic acid would also satisfy the ,(3-alanine requirement, and others founct cliphtherial strains that were clependent on pantothenic acid itself for growth. Soon afterward, both nicotinamide and pantothenic acid were shown to be part of the vitamin B complex required for animal nutrition.
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From page 312... ...
out in the "Minute" on his life that was read to the faculty of medicine of Harvard University following his death: "Howard Mueller belongs among the scientific 'elite' as Kirtley Mather has recently defined themthat is among those who actively seek insight and meaning, whose minds are constantly on the alert to the possibility of
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From page 313... ...
In his chapter on the chemistry and metabolism of bacteria, which was written in that same year for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Mueller wrote (the italics are mine) : In other words it appears that a polymer of a nucleic acid may be incorporated into a living, degraded cell, and will endow the cells with a property never previously possessed, namely, the ability to produce a capsule composed of a complex polysaccharide entirely different in structure from that produced by the smooth organism from which the degraded form was originally derived.
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From page 314... ...
Zinsser. A preliminary report on the chemical composition of residue antigen.
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The effect of oxidation of filtrates on a chicken sarcoma (chicken tumor I-Rous)
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Dis., 52:139-45. 1934 Amino acids required by the diphtheria bacillus for growth.
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Chem., 120:219-24. Pimelic acid as a growth accessory factor for a strain of the diphtheria bacillus.
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Tetanus toxin production on a simplified medium.
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Conversion of hydrolysate tetanus toxin to toxoid.
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Unidentified nutrients in tetanus toxin production.
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From page 321... ...
Separation from tryptic digests of casein of some acid-labile components essential in tetanus toxin formation.
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