Improving the Effectiveness of U.S. Climate Modeling (2001) / Chapter Skim
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State of U.S. Climate Modeling
State of U.S. Climate Modeling
Pages 29-42
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From page 29... ...
3.1 MODELS The information collected on current modeling activities shows the robust and varied nature of climate and weather modeling in the United States. Smaller modeling centers enjoy a level of resources equivalent to what would have been considered supercomputer resources only a de29
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Many respondents also noted that this conversion required significant programmer time and drained resources that could have been devoted to other activities. When asked for comment on the relative merits and hindrances of MPP versus VPP architectures, the majority of respondents preferred VPP architecture for the follow~ng reasons: 1.
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Increased model quality will lead to increased predictive skill and higher quality operational products for climate and weather prediction. Thus, the computational limitations noted in the survey are not only affecting current research activities and model development but also the production of outputs required for operational use.
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Unknown nodes running on a are dual processors, fast interconnect the remaining 4 units bus are 4 processor machines. 6 RS6000 model 260/270 series.
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21.25 Gflops 24 GB/node Disk capacity: 2.3 TB (shared via gigabit switch LAN) ventory No information No information provided.
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16.3 Gflo AlphaServer DS10 with a single 466mhz 23.6 Gflo 2Sun Enterprise Alpha 21264 processor 33.25 Gfl~ 4500 22 machines one with 43.6 Gflo 3Sun Ultra 60 8 UltraSparc II 400mhz 4Sun Enterprise 450 processors, the other LINPAC] with 4 for aggre 36 machines each with each syst 2 360mhz UltraSparc II processors 44machines each with 4 300 MHz UltraSparc II processors
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New system 39 3~5 Gflops procurement to be 300 installed in early Both using 64 2001 processors Unknown. No information provided.
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36 TABLE 3-1 Continued IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF U.S. CLIMATE MODELING Sustainet Institutionb Computer System Processors Last Upgrade Performa NOAA-GFDL 1SGI/Cray T932 1122 1Upgraded to 26 Sustainet 2SGI/Cray T94 224 processors in 1996; performa 3SGI/Cray T3E 3128 450-MHz was de-rated to 22 approxin (water-cooled processors in 1999 15 Gflop~ chassis)
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DoD HPC undergoes constant upgrades.
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each (32) machine 2Brand new aThis table does not include the potentially large amount of classified computer capabilities located at Department of Energy Laboratories that are occasionally used for climate modeling by in-house research groups.
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STATE OF U.S. CLIMATE MODELING 39 Sustained System Central Memory / Future Upgrades lade Performance Secondary Disc Storage Planned 10.2 Gflop 1512 Mb /30 GB Upgrade Beowulf 22 Gflops 24 GB/320 GB network to gigabit.
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The respondents from universities differed in the belief that there is a decrease in the availability of high quality graduate students entering the atmospheric sciences. Those centers that felt there were sufficient students noted that the greater difficulty was finding continued funding to support the highest quality students available.
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pointed out the basic health of small-scale climate modeling and the lagging progress of high-end climate modeling: these findings were confirmed above. That report summarized the difficulties faced by high-end climate modeling as follows: "The lack of national coordination and funding, and thus sustained interest, are substantial reasons why the United States is no longer in the lead in high-end climate modeling." It also identified the United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
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3.6 SUMMARY OF HIGH-END CAPABILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES With a sustained computer capability of 20 Gflops, the current capability of some of the U.S. high-end centers, a climate model consisting of a 300 km resolution atmosphere with 20 levels in the vertical, a land model, and 100 km ocean model, all coupled together and well coded for parallel machines is able to simulate 5-10 years per wall-clock day (see http:// www.cgd.ucar.edu/pcm/sc99fimgO02.jpg.
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