Estimating Eligibility and Participation for the WIC Program Phase I Report (2001) / Chapter Skim
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1Executive Summary Each year the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
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2 ESTIMATING ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION FOR THE WIC PROGRAM by as much as 20 to 30 percent. These high "coverage rates" have led some members of Congress to conclude that some people who participate are truly ineligible, and that funding could be reduced somewhat and still meet the needs of truly eligible persons who wish to participate.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 anemic, has inappropriate dietary patterns, or has predisposing factors, he or she would be considered nutritionally at risk. The current FNS estimation methodology uses the March Income Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS)
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4 ESTIMATING ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION FOR THE WIC PROGRAM The first five areas pertain to the estimation of the number of income eligible persons -- those individuals who are categorically eligible and meet the income criteria for the program. The sixth issue is the extent to which individuals are fully eligible for WIC -- that is, both income eligible and at nutritional risk.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 In addition to these estimates that use a conservative approach to estimating the number of participants who are adjunctively eligible for WIC due to their participation in Medicaid, the panel considered two alternative estimates: (1) the number of people eligible for Medicaid, and (2)
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6 ESTIMATING ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION FOR THE WIC PROGRAM broad definition of an economic unit, the estimated number of income eligible infants decreases by 0.2 percent and the estimated number of income eligible children decreases by 0.3 percent. However, if one uses a more generous definition, which counts a family as income eligible if it meets income eligibility requirements under either a narrow or a broad definition of the family, then the estimated number of income eligible infants increases by 1 percent and increases by 1.5 percent for children.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 of infants estimated to be eligible for WIC is underestimated by a total of 54 percent (considering the undercount of infants in the CPS, adjunctive eligibility, and the use of monthly instead of annual income)
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8 ESTIMATING ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION FOR THE WIC PROGRAM Recommendation: The panel recommends that alternative methods for estimating WIC participation rates be examined. In addition, further research concerning factors that influence the decision to apply for and participate in WIC should be conducted.
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