Laying the Foundation for Space Solar Power An Assessment of NASA's Space Solar Power Investment Strategy (2001) / Chapter Skim
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2 Overall SERT Program Evaluation
2 Overall SERT Program Evaluation
Pages 12-28
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From page 12... ...
Improving Technical Management Processes Program Organization The SERT program was charged to develop technologies needed to provide cost-competitive ground baseload electrical power from space-based solar energy converters. In addition, during its 2-year tenure, the SERT program was also expected to provide a roadmap of research and technology investment to en12 hance other space, military, and commercial applications such as satellites operating with improved power supplies, free-flying technology platforms, space propulsion technology, and techniques for planetary surface exploration.
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A periodic revamping of the roadmaps should be made based on the achievements of NASA in space transportation. SSP program technology investments, flight test demonstrations, and full-scale deployment should be rescheduled accordingly.
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Without consistent cost and mass goals with clear traceability from the top level to the component technology level, individual technology teams may not make the most appropriate technology investments. The major SERT system cost and performance targets, as shown in Figure 2-2, are extremely aggressive.2 Additionally, they include reliance that NASA's separate Space Launch Initiative (SLI)
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The figures are broken down into systems integration, analysis, and modeling, total technology development, and flight test demonstrations (referred to by NASA as technology flight demonstra17 TABLE 2-2 Proposed Space Solar Power Program Resources Allocation, FY 2002 to FY 2006 (millions of dollars) Investment Area FY FY FY FY FY 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Systems integration, analysis, and modeling 5 Total technology development Technology flight demonstrations Total investment 73 10 88 92 25 124 7 8 128 75 211 149 125 282 8 8 154 150 312 SOURCE: Adapted in part from "Strategic Research and Technology Road Map." Briefing by John Mankins and Joe Howell, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, to the Committee for the Assessment of NASA's Space Solar Power Investment Strategy, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., December 14, 2000.
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Over time, as SSP development progresses, the architecture cost goal should be adjusted to reflect changes in expectations about future power markets, environmental costs, and other social costs that may arise. The SSP cost and system analysis models should incorporate one detailed concept definition, making it possible to evaluate the payoff of specific technology efforts within the broad functional systems areas of solar power generation and wireless power transmission, among others.
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Technology Demonstration The committee endorses the approach of defining demonstration milestones of achievement (NASA's MSC categorization) to provide program focus, as well as a clear mechanism for measuring technology advancement progress.
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as an ISS technology research mission and developing other exLAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR SPACE SOLAR POWER perimental programs to be validated on the ISS.3 The NASA SERT program's 100-kW MSC 1 free flyer could be assembled from the ISS as a technology demonstration test bed. For instance, various solar array concepts could be used on MSC 1 and then subjected to test after release from the ISS.
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Recommendation 2-1-6: The SSP program should define additional ground demonstration milestones to be conducted prior to the far more expensive flight tests in order to test advanced technologies and system integration issues before planned downselects of flight-demonstration technologies occur. Technology Building Blocks Specific treatment of the SERT technology building blocks can be found in Chapter 3; however, several general observations can be made from NASA's modeling data that influence the investment strategy: .
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Utilities, industry, and other government programs already have significant investments in those areas. Capitalizing On Other Work It was clear from material presented to the committee that the SSP program, Including visit for terrestrial LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR SPACE SOLAR POWER use and other technology applications, is highly synergistic with the related work of other U.S.
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effort establishes a range of visionary goals and objectives, including multiple targets for human exploration outside LEO, goals for scientific discovery through research in space, and research to enable humans to live and work permanently in space. The SERT program has identified potential space applications of SSP technologies and concepts in relation to the HEDS effort (Mankins, 2000a)
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Furthermore, there is a need to incorporate flight test demonstrations of key technologies on space platforms such as the International Space Station or geosynchronous communications satellites. Also, as reflected in Section 2-3, the SERT program has had little detailed dis
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As the NASA SERT program management agrees, it will be imperative for the SSP program to carry this analysis a step further by actually using the knowledge from these yet-to-be-identified programs and leading efforts to adjust the focus of other related NASA technology development programs to help achieve SSP research and technology goals. Factors to be considered in such an evaluation should include information solicited from the outside research community and program balance between various issues such as technology push versus program pull, near-term versus far-term applications, and competitive technology development versus the need for system design choices.
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SPS 2000 SPS 2000 is a planned operational test bed for several important space solar power technologies. The project was originally proposed by Makoto Nagatomo of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan (Pignolet, 1999)
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2000. "Interest and Activities in Space Solar Power Outside the USA." Briefing by Bryan Erb, Canadian Space Agency, to the Committee for the Assessment of NASA's Space Solar Power Investment Strategy, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., December 14.
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2000. "Space Science Enabled Applications." Briefing by Neville Marzwell, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, to the Committee for the Assessment of NASA's Space Solar Power Investment Strategy, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., September 14.
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