Publicly Funded Agricultural Research and the Changing Structure of U.S. Agriculture (2002) / Chapter Skim
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4. Structural Impacts of Public Investment in Agricultural Research
4. Structural Impacts of Public Investment in Agricultural Research
Pages 69-85
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From page 69... ...
Next, the chapter compares empirical data on allocation of research spending among various research categories between 1986 and 1997. This section draws broad conclusions about the distribution of investments in the portfolio and their changes over time, with particular attention to research investments likely to better serve diverse producers or to incur structural change (based on the analysis in Chapters 2 and 3~.
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FAIR established a competitive-education-grants program for Hispanic-serving institutions, and it mandated representation by minority-serving institutions on the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. Public-sector research that responds to structural issues can be broadly categorized into three major areas (Box 4-1~: research to monitor and analyze structural variables; research that serves needs of diverse constituencies; and research to further explain other drivers of structural change, including the influence of alternative policy instruments on structural change (Chapter 5~.
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Current Research Information System CRIS is the USDA's documentation and reporting system for continuing and recently completed research projects in agriculture, food and nutrition, and forestry. Information is reported to the CRIS database by USDA intramural research agencies, state agricultural experiment stations, state land grant colleges and universities, 1890s institutions, state schools of forestry, schools of veterinary medicine, and USDA grant recipients.
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The committee's analysis presents the summary of total public research funds (state and federal)
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Selected CRIS Funding Summaries, FY 1997, Table C: National Summary USDA, SAKS, and other institutions by commodity. "Online]
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Selected CRIS Funding Summaries, FY 1997, Table D: National Summary USDA, SAKS, and other institutions by research problem area. "Online]
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The research results produced in those areas generally could be useful for small and large producers alike; however, results tend to be used more by producers with larger farms and more education. Table 4-2 compares the distribution of public research funds by research problem area in 1986 and in 1997.
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National total (thousands of dollars) aTotal public funds represent the sum of USDA-appropriated funding, CSREESadministered funding, other USDA funding, other federal funding, and state 5.11% 2.30% 3.85% 5.67% 17.02% 15.12% 12.76% 10.57% 3.64% 2.52% 4.32% 3.49% 1.32% 16.93% 32.14% 23.33% 2.22% 6.16% 6.98% 9.13% 1.44% 1.42% 100.00% $2,815,834.00
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In summary, production agriculture, a significant force in encouraging structural change, remains the dominant recipient of public research funding. Crop protection, supply increase, and the development of new products are related major targets.
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PUBLIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE One way to evaluate the structural implications of public-sector research is to consider its relative contributions to developing knowledge and basic components of technology, such as those that support environmentally sustainable alternative agriculture. These are of interest to small-scale farmers, organic farmers, and others outside the commercial mainstream.
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: (1975-1988) : Universities in Universities and Individuals, Private 1999 (CRIS Public Research Firms, Corporations Dataa)
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The proportion of intellectual property created by the public sector in alternative technologies is generally an order of magnitude higher than a baseline proportion of all U.S. patents from 1984, the midsample year; only 3 percent of all U.S.
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The USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRICGP) recently began to increase funding relevant to structural issues and to the research needs of small farms.
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In its FY 2001 program description, NRI encourages research proposals that assess and evaluate "impacts of industrialization on industry structure and performance" and "impacts of public policy alternatives on industry structure" (USDA, 2000c)
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84 PUBLICLYFUNDED AGRICULTURAL RESEARC Although these public-sector competitive grants programs account for only about 10 percent of all publicly funded agricultural research ($2.8
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SUMMARY Public research is responding to a broadening of criteria for priority setting in research, which has implications for the structure of agriculture. This is occurring in three major areas: research to monitor and analyze structural variables; research to serve the needs of diverse constituencies; and research to further understand drivers of structural change other than research and development.
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