The Role of Environmental NGOs: Russian Challenges, American Lessons Proceedings of a Workshop (2001) / Chapter Skim
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15 Emissions of Pollutants into the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin
15 Emissions of Pollutants into the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin
Pages 109-124
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From page 109... ...
These are first of all the territories that have undergone the most intense industry-induced impacts: destruction and degradation of soil cover, disturbance of hydrogeologic conditions, pollution of surface and subsurface waters, atmospheric pollution from industrial emissions, and degradation of natural flora and fauna. These territories are in the Kemerovo and South Kuzbass ecological-geographic districts.
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From page 110... ...
Of 1,472 enterprises with pollutant emissions under the control of Goskomekologiya (State Committee on Ecology) of Kemerovo Oblast, the following are located on a small territory of 95,700 square kilometers: 21 enterprises of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, 126 coal-mining and coal-processing enterprises, 18 thermal-power engineering facilities, 10 chemical enterprises, 83 machine-building and metal-working plants, 184 construction-industry enterprises, and 308 enterprises of rail and motor transport and road services, as well as agricultural, food, light industry, and furniture enterprises and numerous steam heating plants.
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From page 111... ...
Emissions from trading and from material and technical supply enterprises go to the atmosphere without cleaning. As compared to 1998, emissions from stationary sources have increased by 2,004 tons due to the production increase at city enterprises (Azot, Khimprom, Kemerovo State Regional Power Plant)
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From page 112... ...
It is not unlikely, therefore, that the standards of payment for atmospheric pollution with methane will significantly increase in the near future, which, in view of the large emissions of this gas in the Kuzbass coal mines, may result in a substantial increase of nature-preservation payments and in a decrease of coal mining profitability. A generalization of inventory data on the sources of harmful substance emissions into the atmosphere at the Kuzbass mines provides the ranges of total emissions per mine.
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From page 113... ...
The most widespread pollutants of surface waters in the region are petroleum products, phenols, metal compounds, ammonium, and nitrites. The principal source is waste waters of industrial enterprises and housing-communal services.
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From page 114... ...
. Discharged into the basin's surface water bodies were 116 million cubic meters of waste waters from the towns of Belovo, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, and Guryevsk and from the Promyshlennov, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Guryevsk, and Belovo districts.
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From page 115... ...
The effect of mining on the river discharge is reflected in a decrease in the subsurface water discharge into the river due to drainage pumping in mines or quarries, by an increase in the river sedimentation caused by the same factors, and by a decrease in the subsurface water reserves. The daily flow from Kuzbass mines and open pits exceeds one million cubic meters.
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From page 116... ...
The coal industry is the second in importance for pollution of Kuzbass water bodies after power engineering, which discharges into the rivers 58.9 percent (1,515 million cubic meters/year) of untreated waters.
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From page 117... ...
In the process of both subsurface and open-pit mining, the lowering of the ground water table forms a cone of depression whose size depends on the geologic and hydrogeologic conditions of the mining area and on the duration of mining. One of the most adverse aspects of mine flooding is the possibility of polluting the subsurface waters, which are a source of drinking water.
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From page 118... ...
Among the most active of them are the following: Kemerovo Department of the AllRussian Society for Nature Preservation, Information Ecological Agency, Ecological Parliament of Children and Young People, Kemerovo Regional Society Social Health, Kemerovo Regional Department of the Russian National Organization Green Cross, and Ecological Movement Kuzbass. Scientists of the Kemerovo Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences take an active part in the work of the majority of these organizations.
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From page 119... ...
· To preserve man as a species, we should preserve the natural environment; in order to preserve the environment, man should change himself, his attitude to it. The Ecological Parliament of Children and Young people has concluded an agreement on cooperation to participate in the solution of regionally significant ecological problems with the Kemerovo Oblast administration in an effort to strengthen the interaction between the authorities and the ecological movement The Information Ecological Agency (IEA)
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From page 120... ...
The scientists of the Kemerovo Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences take an active part in the popularization of ecological knowledge and of the problems of stable regional development by publishing popular scientific papers in the mass media and in the Information Ecological Bulletin. They participate in expert appraisals of regional legislative acts aimed at nature preservation and of regionally significant business projects.
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From page 121... ...
It has become a tradition that the regional station of young naturalists, together with the regional Goskomekologiya and Kemerovo State University, conducts rallies/competitions of young ecologists, including defense of research works by the rally participants, and their demonstrations of ability to use the main methods of field ecology. With active support from the regional Committee of Young Naturalists, the groups of young ecologists of the Kemerovo region participate in the realization of several Federal educational-research projects: "Phenology of Birds," "Life to Russian Waters," "Crane, the Bird of Peace," "Water on the Earth," and others.
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From page 122... ...
To raise the level of ecological education, the following should be done: · It is necessary to pass the law "On the Ecological Education and Training of Population in Kemerovo Oblast." · A regional target program should be developed "Perfection of Ecological Education and Training in Kemerovo Oblast for the Years 2001-2005," with the specification of financial resources from the regional budget (via the Education Department and the Science and Higher School Department) and the regional ecological fund budget.
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From page 123... ...
Annual data on the quality of surface waters and land in the river basins of Altai Territory, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, and Tomsk Oblasts, and the Republic of Altai, 1981-1996. Novosibirsk, West Siberian Hydrometeorological Service Administration (in Russian)
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