The Role of Environmental NGOs: Russian Challenges, American Lessons Proceedings of a Workshop (2001) / Chapter Skim
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3 History of the Development of Ecological Nongovernmental Organizations in Russia
3 History of the Development of Ecological Nongovernmental Organizations in Russia
Pages 5-10
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From page 5... ...
The history of their development covers more than 30 years. All other structures were developed during the State reorganization at the end of the 1980s, including the State Environmental Protection Committee, ecological departments of industrial enterprises, and environmental protection bodies in regional administrations.
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It originally was a semi-official structure that had some environmental protection functions of today's State Ecological Committee while legally remaining a public organization. During the 1 960s, Nature Protection Teams (NPT)
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It has been replaced by small NGOs, which today continue the tradition of popular initiatives and initiatives by different professional organizations in the sphere of ecological activities for example, ecological management, ecological expert examination, research, and education. The severe ecological conditions have required the formation of umbrellalike organizations at the federal level.
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Radical green associations occupy a special place in the modern movement. They include the international organizations Rainbow Keepers and Russian Greenpeace.
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Public participation is also realized by inclusion of eco-activists in government. There are numerous cases when NGO leaders became chiefs of regional environmental protection bodies or served in such federal bodies as the Ministry of Natural Resources and the State Duma.
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NGOs together with environmental protection bodies establish norms of permissible releases from industrial enterprises, which should be regularly revised. But, industrial enterprises still remain one of the main opponents of the ecological movement.
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