Review of Submarine Escape Action Levels for Selected Chemicals (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Navy Health Research Center's ToxicologyDetachment have proposed two exposure levels, caked submarine escape action level (SK ALL ~ and SEAL 2, for each gas. SEAL 1 Is defined as the maximum concentration of a gas in a disabled submarine belong which healthy submariners can be exposed for up tO TO days without experiencing irreversible health effects.
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Me subcommittee's recommended SEALs are based sorely on scientific data relevant to health effects. In general, the subcommittee's approach divas to recommend SEALs based on human data to avoid the need for incorporating an interspecies uncertainty factor commonlyused in the derivation of exposure guidance levels from animal data.
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Because only a small number of crew members would be expected to use EABs due to hypersusceptibility to the gases, the expired air should not significantlyincrease the air pressure inside the submanne. The subcommittee believes that for the embank gases (i.e., ammonia, chionne, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide)
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The subcommittee recommends that research be conducted on potential health effects caused by exposure to mixtures of those gases. In particular, research should be conducted on the effects of exposure to a mixture of the six~rntant gases- ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
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Because fires on a disabled submarine win generate a large amount of particulate matter, research should be conducted on the effects of panicles on the toxicity of gases. Me subcommittee recommends that the Navy give high priority to the development of battery-operatedinstruments that are more accurate thanDraeger tubes for measuring concentrations of the gaseous contaminants.
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Navy 1998~. Human exposure to these gases can lead to adverse health effects, particularly respiratory and central nervous system effects, and even death.
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