Review of Submarine Escape Action Levels for Selected Chemicals (2002) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 7-21
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From page 7... ...
It is likely that such an event also would start a fire within the submarine. We immediate concern for the crew is the release of toxic gases that are produced as the combustion products of on-board fires (U.S.
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Me toxic gases produced as combustion products could include ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen ~ .
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To protect crew members, scientists at the Navy Health Research Center's ToxicologyDetachment ~HRC/TD) have proposeUpreliminaryexposure guidance levels, cased submarine escape action levels (SEALs)
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From page 10... ...
review the available toxicitydata on eight gases ammonia, carbon monoxide, chionne, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide—and evaluate the scientific validity of the Naves proposed SEALs. NRC assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology, and assembled the Subcommittee on Submanne Escape Action Levels.
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From page 11... ...
They are the subcommittee's best judgment based on available evidence of exposure concentrations at which submariners can continue to function in an emergency situation in an environment of a disabled submarine and be ~,nlikelyto suffer irreversible effects. Like all reports of the National Research Council, this report contains only advisory information and recommendations.
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From page 12... ...
and NRC (1988~. In the event of a submarine fire, crew members are likely to be exposed to higher than normal concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur diomde, and possiblyto hydrogen cyanide gas.
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From page 13... ...
Development of decompression sickness symptoms, such as the bends and air embolisms, is a major risk associated with escape from a disabled submanne. The higher the internal pressure in the disabled submarine and the greater the escape depth, the greater is the risk of developing decompression sickness.
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From page 14... ...
are excluded from consideration as long as they not become intolerable, cause irreversible effects, or impair a crew's ability to escape. The subcommittee believes that its recommended SEALs might produce health effects such as moderate imitation of respiratorytract, eyes, skin, or other moderate reversible effects, but would not produce anyirreversible health effects in the submanners.
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Me subcommittee believes that for the instant gases (i.e., ammonia, chior~ne, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide) , the exposure concentration of the gases is more important than the exposure duration for detemun~ng toxicity, particularlyfor durations up to 24 h.
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From page 16... ...
To protect survivors from the short-term effects of toxic gases in the disabled submarine atmosphere panicularlyinjuryto the respiratory anal central nervous systems, which wold significantly reduce the chances of survival cluring and following an escape or rescue attempt. To minimize the requirement to wear EAB (emergency air breathing masks.
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1~) Hydrogen Chloride (HQj':Sulfur Dioxide (SO2~"r Chlorine (a)
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One hour before staving to escape, repeat the toxic gas survey and only commence escapes if a SEAL 1 or GEI 1 is still exceeded.)
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SSN688 Class Guard Book, Disabled Submarine Survival Guide, Forward Escape Trunk Interim October 30, 2000. Me subcommittee recognizes that the senior officer aboard a disabled submanne will have to consider many factors when deciding whether the crew should try to escape or await rescue.
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From page 20... ...
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT This report has nine chapters in addition to this introduction. Chapters 2 to 9 contain the subcommittee's reviews of the available toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other data on ammonia, carbon monoxide, chlonne, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur diomcle, respectively, its evaluations of the Navy?
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From page 21... ...
Curls on, Acting Commanding Officer, Naval Submanne Medical Research Laboratoryto Officer in Charge, Naval Medical Research Institute ToxicityDetachrnent. Subject: The Management of Toxic Gases in a Disabled Submarine.
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