Biographical Memoirs Volume 80 (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Robert Lee Metcalf
Robert Lee Metcalf
Pages 240-255
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From page 241... ...
environmentally sustainable pest control, en cl for many of those years he was a passionate, courageous, en cl articulate spokesperson for a viewpoint that was clistinctly unpopular among some of his peers. Metcalf was born on November ~3, ~916, at Columbus, Ohio, son of Clell Lee en c!
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his professional career at the same time that synthetic organic insecticides were being heralclecl as the ultimate insect control agents.
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Less than a clecacle after the first recorclec! example of resistance to synthetic organic insecticides was clescribecl in the scientific literature, Metcalf wrote an article in the popular journal Scientific American explaining to the general public the phenomenon of resistance en cl its implications for human en cl environmental health (1952~.
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He investigatecl the biological properties of synergists, such as their effects on non-target arthropods en cl biocontrol agents, as well as their chemical properties, thereby insuring that these compounds proviclecl people with a safe alternative to applying increasingly larger amounts of insecticides to counteract resistant strains ~ ~ 963, ~ 967)
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In 1975 he highlightec! a promising new approach to recluce the amount of synthetic organic insecticide appliecl in the environment: the use of chemicals, particularly naturally occurring plant compounds, to manipulate insect behavior rather than destroy
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to popularize, as control agents, a single gram of methyl eugenol resultecl in the mass trapping of over 7000 male Oriental fruit flies in a single clay. Metcalf en c!
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even greater insight into the chemical basis of host-plant utilization by Diabroticites. It soon became evident that corn rootworms exhibited a compulsive flight response to volatile attractants.
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From 1992 to 1998 his publication record burgeoned! with descriptions of the role of inclole as a synergist in corn en cl cucurbit blossoms, the chemical basis for attraction of Diabrotica to native thistle blossoms, en cl with reviews on trends in entomology and insecticide research.
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to sources of kairomones. This novel concept reminclecl him of the mating disruption technology usecl for several important insect pests.
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, en cl cotton insect control (1980-81~. With respect to control of insects in cotton, he testified before Congress in a charged atmosphere about the ill-advised nature of ongoing insect control efforts aimed at eradication (such as those that eventually lee!
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He user! to say that he hacl an affinity for using simple tools (topical application, colorimetric assay, moclel ecosystem, beetle prints, sticky traps, en c!
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The toxicity and repellent action of some derivatives of picramic acid and of toluanesulfonyl chloride to the greenhouse leaf tier.
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Attraction of the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis, to methyl eugenol and related olfactory stimulants.
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Comparative kairomonal chemical ecology of diabroticite beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Luperini, Diabroticina) in a reconstituted tallgrass prairie ecosystem.
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