Biographical Memoirs Volume 80 (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Karl Wolfgang Deutsch
Karl Wolfgang Deutsch
Pages 58-79
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From page 59... ...
fallen uncler the control of a pro-Nazi majority, he left for a period to stucly optics in EnglancI. Fortunately for the social sciences, his stucly of optics, together with his stucly of mathematics there en cl earlier, helpecl prepare him for his later pioneering work in quantitative political science.
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From page 60... ...
In 1953-54 he was at the Center for Research on World Political Institutions at Princeton University, where he integrated the findings of an interdisciplinary group with his own thinking and turned the result into a highly significant theoretical analysis of largescaTe political integration, Political Community and the North Atlantic Area.2 During the year 1956-57 he was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Palo Alto, California, where he laid the basis for the
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From page 61... ...
society in West Germany. During his 10 years at Yale he completecl the intellectual framework en cl set up an organization the Yale Political Data Program to clevelop quantitative indicators for testing significant theories en cl propositions in social science, organized a multi-university research team, sometimes callecl the Yale Arms Control Project, to investigate the prospects for arms control, disarmament, en cl steps toward unification in the Western European environment, en cl took on an increasingly important role in the clevelopment of international social science.
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From page 62... ...
Deutsch was electecl president of the New Englancl Political Science Association in 1964-65, president of the American Political Science Association in 1969-70, after having served as program chairman of its 1963 annual meeting, en c! president of the Peace Science Society (International)
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From page 63... ...
His teaching skills were also revealer! in his two influential textbooks, The Analysis of International Relations5 en cl Politics and Government,6 which not only macle basic material accessible to students but also stimulates!
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From page 64... ...
scholarly thought en c! research: largescale political community formation at the national en cl international levels, cybernetic approaches to politics en cl society, en c!
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From page 65... ...
on a case stucly of national integration or clisintegration but the various pieces were essentially an accumulation of case studies. Deutsch was invited to join the project with the specific hope that, by applying his historical knowIecige of nationalism en cl his concepts clerivecl from the stucly of communication in societies, he couIcl integrate these clisparate pieces.8 The result was the pioneering stucly Political Community and the North Atlantic Area.2 In this view, the formation of large-scale community rested less on factors like common language or high levels of mutual responsiveness and, as with the clevelopment of nationalism, more on the existence of two-way channels of communications between elites en c!
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From page 66... ...
Picking up an earlier strand of political thought from Hugo Grotius, Deutsch argued that no axiomatic relationship exists between anarchy en cl war. Indeed, historical evidence suggests that ineffective or premature efforts to mitigate anarchy may even cause war.
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From page 67... ...
Deutsch's studies of nationalism en cl national integration revealecl that an imbalancecl scheme for organizing society, in which some pay an extraordinary price while others enjoy extraordinary benefits, is inherently unstable en cl hicles the clevelopment of patterns of social communication, which can leacl to unrest en c! even revolution.
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From page 68... ...
by his interest in cybernetics: the ratio between internal and external communications en cl transactions of a country as an indicator of the degree of its self-preoccupation or self-closure over time, governments' share of facilities for controlling the flow of information en cl the effect of this variable on governmental performance, the ways clecision-making systems deal with communications overload, and the forms and consequences of decentralization in governmental decision making.
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From page 69... ...
ThircI, since no single scholar couIcl accomplish the task of assembling acloquate ciata relevant to political theories, ciata programs shouIcl comprise multiclisciplinary and, Deutsch hoped, multinational research teams. Even if this was not always possible, it was imperative to create a multiclisciplinary en cl cross-national network of conferences en cl other means of communication to exchange scientific information, evaluate each other's efforts, en c!
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From page 70... ...
Its first major publication, World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators,~5 provided a massive body of data that was drawn on in numerous scholarly articles by Deutsch, Russett, and others in contributions to the development of empirical theory. Deutsch's insistence on the speedy publication of these volumes and on the widespread dissemination of the machinereadable data sets epitomized his commitment to the sharing of scientific information.
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From page 71... ...
Early efforts at global modeling he found disappointing because of their questionable assumptions en cl lack of attention to key social en c! especially political variables.~9 The next logical step, then, was to create the organizational framework to make global mocleling more useful for political decision makers.
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Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience. Princeton, N.T.: Princeton University Press, 1957.
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Arms Control in Europe: Proposals and Political Constraints. Denver, Colo.: University of Denver, Social Science Foundation and Graduate School of International Studies, Monograph Series in World Affairs No.
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W Deutsch, Cumulation in Social Science Data Archiving: A Study of the Impact of the Two World Handbooks of Political and Social Indicators (Konigstein/Ts.: Anton Hain, 1980.
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KARL WOLFGANG DEUTSCH 75 London: George Allen and Unwin, contains, in addition to many essays on topics central to Deutsch's work, a complete bibliography of his publications through 1980. This essay is adapted from the introduction to that volume.
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From page 76... ...
Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; paperback ea., 1968; repr.
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Philadelphia: Lippincott. 1966 Integration and arms control in the European political environment: a summary report.
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From page 78... ...
Nationalism and National Development: An Interdisciplinary Bibliography. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
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