The Disposition Dilemma Controlling the Release of Solid Materials from Nuclear Regulatory Commission-Licensed Facilities (2002) / Chapter Skim
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3 Anticipated Inventories of Radioactive or Radioactively Contaminated Materials
3 Anticipated Inventories of Radioactive or Radioactively Contaminated Materials
Pages 55-71
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From page 55... ...
The committee did not find readily available information on inventory and anticipated dates for disposition of radioactive materials. The information currently available covers some industries but not others.
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From page 56... ...
The characteristics and quantities of radioactive materials used or possessed by USNRC licensees are discussed in the following section. To provide the bases for the cost analysis given in Chapter 4, the emphasis in that section is on radioactive material streams arising from the decommissioning of licensed power reactors.
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From page 57... ...
Additional data and various estimates are available to define the types and total quantities of radioactive materials resulting from decommissioning power reactor facilities. The decommissioning data and estimates presented in Table 3-1 are derived from two USNRC reports: NUREG/CR-5884 (Konzek et al., 1995)
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From page 58... ...
as LLRW 1,750 3,820 233,000 Net SRSM 4,080 8,900 521,000 Concrete SRSM 69,500 99,700 7,360,000 Total volumes SRSM 73,600 109,000 7,880,000 Population multipliersC 63.76 29.23 NOTE: All values are rounded to three significant figures. aKonzek et al.
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From page 59... ...
The time distribution of these decommissioning wastes is a significant consideration. The quantities of material arising from decommissioning nuclear power reactors will be distributed over an extended period because of the varying dates at which their licenses are scheduled to expire (SCA, 2001, Tables 2-26, 227~.
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From page 60... ...
power reactors, as shown in Table 3-2, ranges from 0.74 million to 1.05 million metric tons (depending on the amount excluded as LLRW)
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From page 61... ...
The study committee also assumed that metallic SRSM from the system steel category would have the same 30 percent fraction that would have to be disposed of as LLRW as assumed in the previous section on power reactors. The inventory of steel and concrete from research reactors represents about 1.4 percent of the total weight of SRSM from the power reactors.
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From page 62... ...
The category of surface-contaminated equipment and material includes some materials that are unlikely to be clearable and some that might be clearable after application of an appropriate decontamination technology. The types and quantities of radioactive materials arising from decommissioning each type of facility are discussed briefly below.
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From page 63... ...
, with concentrations in the range of 10 tolO,000 pCi/g. Table 3-4 gives the estimated weights of radioactive materials arising from decommissioning these facilities.
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From page 64... ...
For equipment, the same assumptions were used that were made for TABLE 3-5 Decommissioning Materials Inventory from the Population of U.S. Fuel Fabrication Plants (metric tons)
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From page 65... ...
The estimates for radioactively contaminated materials generated by these licensees were calculated by multiplying the estimated weight of SRSM in a reference facility by the number of USNRC-licensed facilities of the same type. This result was then multiplied by 4 to account for the 75 percent of radioactive materials licenses issued by agreement states (SCA, 2001~.
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From page 66... ...
to be about 2,058 and 5,145 metric tons of equipment and concrete, respectively. Manufacturers of Sealed Sources and Radio-Labeled Compounds Manufacturers of sealed sources and radio-labeled compounds use licensed radioactive materials in hot cell laboratories.
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From page 67... ...
This issue is covered in detail in Chapter 5.) As discussed in the section on decommissioning power reactors, the amount of steel scrap recycled into commercial steelmaking is currently about 42 million metric tons per year.
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From page 68... ...
DoD Facilities Many DoD facilities are licensed by the USNRC, including hospitals, laboratories, proving grounds, some nuclear reactors, weapons facilities, and missile launch sites. The DoD holds approximately 600 licenses and/or radioactive materials permits, of which three-quarters are for sealed sources (and therefore generate no radioactive waste)
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From page 69... ...
Furthermore, other industrial activities not focused on using radioactive materials have resulted in the concentration of significant amounts of NORM at various sites. As reported by the EPA (63 Federal Register 51982-51888; September 29, 1998)
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From page 70... ...
Metric Tons Waste Source per Year Uranium Thorium Radium Uranium overburden 3.8 x 104 1.8 x 103 990 920 Phosphate 5.0 x 104 Bkg-3.0 x 103 Bkg-1.8 x 103 400-3.7 x 106 Phosphogypsum 4.8 x 104 Bkg-500 Bkg-500 900-1.7 x 103 Slag 1.5 x 103 800-3.0 x 103 700-1.8 x 103 400-2.1 x 103 Scale 4.5 x 10° 1.1 x 10 3 3.7 x 106 Phosphate fertilizers 4.8 x 103 740-2.2 x 103 37-180 180-740 Coal ash 6.1 x 104 100-600 30-300 100-1.2 x 103 Fly ash 4.4 x 104 Bottom ash 1.7 x 104 Petroleum production 2.6 x 102 bkg-3.7 x 106 Scale 2.5 x 1ol bkg-3.7 x 106 Sludge 2.3 x 102 bkg-3.7 x 103 Petroleum processing 210pb and 210 Refineries >4.0 x 103 Petrochemicals >4.0 x 103 Gas plants 210pb and 210 Water treatment 3.0 x 102 100-1.5 x 106 Sludge 2.6x 102 100-1.2x 103 Resins 4.0 x 1ol 300-1.5 x 106 Mineral processing 1.0 x 106 6-1.3 x 105 8-9.0 x 105 <200-1.3 x 105 Rare earths 2.1 x 1ol 2.6x 104- 9.0X 103 1.3 x 104 1.3 x 105 9.0 x 105 1.3 x 105 Zr, Hf. Ti, Sn 4.7 x 102 6-3.2 x 103 8-6.6 x 105 300-1.8 x 104 Alumina 2.8 x 103 400-600 500-1.2 x 103 300-500 Cu and Fe 1.0 x 106 <400 <400 <200 Geothermal waste 5.4 x 1 ol 400- 1.6 x 104 Paper mills >3.7 x 103 Total 2.27 x 106 abkg = background radiation level.
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From page 71... ...
power reactors and corresponds to only an additional 0.1 percent of the total obsolete steel scrap recycled in the United States during the same 25-year period. Finding 3.5.
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