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The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program Assessing 10 Years of Experience -- Special Report 264 (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B - Note on the Formation of Ozone and Secondary Fine Particulate Matter
Pages 173-177

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From page 173...
... The first and third reactions occur rapidly, establishing a steady-state equi librium ozone concentration, which is proportional to the NO2/NO ratio. Because these reactions only recycle O3 and NOx, they are insuf ficient, by themselves, to create excessive ozone levels.
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From page 174...
... Accordingly, NOx reductions could lead to higher peak 1-hour average O3 levels in the urban locations that are currently hydrocarbon limited, but to lower 8-hour average O3 levels in downwind locations. Ozone formation is complex, and a thorough understanding of the response of ozone lev els to specific changes in VOC or NOx emissions is the fundamental prerequisite to developing cost-effective ozone abatement strategies.
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From page 175...
... Nitric acid leaves the atmosphere fairly rapidly, but in the presence of ammonia it is neutralized to particulate ammonium nitrate. Sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen oxide to par ticulate nitrate reactions compete with each other for available hydroxyl radicals and ammonia.
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From page 176...
... Organic compounds present in the gas phase undergo atmospheric transformation through reactions with reactive gaseous species such as OH radicals, NO3 radicals, or O3. Secondary organic compounds in particulate matter include aliphatic acids, aromatic acids, nitro aromatics, carbonyls, esters, phenols, and aliphatic nitrates (Grosjean 1992; Grosjean and Seinfeld 1989)
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From page 177...
... 1998. Rela tionships Between Regional Ozone Pollution and Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides in Eastern United States.
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Key Terms

  • ammonium sulfate
  • ozone formation
  • ammonium nitrate
  • particulate matter
  • secondary organic

  • sulfur dioxide
  • nitric acid
  • hydroxyl radicals
  • hydrocarbon limited
  • power plant

  • particulate sulfate
  • equivalent emissions
  • primary emissions
  • nox limited
  • ammonium bisulfate

  • acid gas
  • organic aerosols
  • nitrogen oxides
  • emission lifetimes
  • reactions compete

  • urban plumes
  • chamber experiments
  • inventories provides
  • ozone concentration
  • organic peroxy

  • quickly oxidized
  • reducing ammonium
  • occur rapidly
  • fraction conversion
  • removed faster


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