(NAS Colloquium) Molecular Kinesis in Cellular Function and Plasticity (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 41-48
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From page 41... ...
This model also presupposes that long-term plasticity depends on local translation of the localized mRNAs. Indeed, ribosomes, tRNAs, translation initiation factors, and translation elongation factors are found in dendrites (5, 6)
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From page 42... ...
TOR signaling is active in the presence of sufficient nutrientstofuel protein synthesis. TheTOR signal allowsforthetranslation of mRNAs coding for components of the translation machinery, ribosome biosynthesis, and the stabilization of high affinity amino acid permeases.
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From page 43... ...
4E-BPs. Protein synthesis is regulated in many instances at the initiation phase (Fig.
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From page 44... ...
How mTOR signaling regulates eEF2 activity is unknown; mTOR has been proposed to regulate the activity of the eEF2 kinase and/or to modulate the dephosphorylation of eEF2 via regulation of PP2A activity (89, 974. As discussed further below, eEF2 activity has been implicated in the control of protein synthesis in neurons.
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From page 45... ...
In sum, the TOR proteins appear to act as master regulators of the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. In the presence of sufficient nutrients to fuel protein synthesis, TOR provides a permissive signal to translation, ribosome biosynthesis, and high affinity amino acid permeases, while repressing autophagy and the general amino acid permeases.
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From page 46... ...
The flat top mouse should provide a very valuable tool for the study of TOR function in mammalian cells. Summary and Future Prospects The TORs are evolutionarily conserved protein kineses that regulate the balance between protein synthesis and degradation in unicellular and multicellular organisms.
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From page 48... ...
102. Leicht, M., Simm, A., Bertsch, G
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