Materials and Man's Needs Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume IV, Aspects of Materials Technology Abroad (1975) / Chapter Skim
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Education
Education
Pages 53-68
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From page 53... ...
while, in proportion to the population of the labor force, the total number of Japanese students Call disciplines) was about one-third of the U.S.
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From page 54... ...
Cal Cal .
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From page 57... ...
S - Average S - Below average E - Low E - Dropped lower These data strongly confirm the view that at a time when Japan was relatively early on its sigmoidal curve compared with other advanced countries, it chose a policy of emphasizing engineering rather than science in order to "catch-up" technologically. If what seems to be the national scenario can be applied more narrowly to an industrial sector, then part of the Japanese prescription for a lagging industry is to increase the national effort in the relevant applied science and engineering education.
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From page 58... ...
The School of Applied Sciences abandoned the old professional distinctions between Machanical, Electrical and Civil Engineering, and introduced new common courses on subjects like Control Engineering and Materials Science. Some tentative conclusions about the Sussex experience can now be drawn: (a)
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From page 59... ...
The UGC found that the emphasis of materials studies varies from university to university, ranging from heavy concentration on the engineering use of materials, and sometimes on their preparation, to emphasis on the structure and behavior of the material per se, usually involving close links with departments of applied chemistry and applied physics. They conclude that there is no single block of work that can be labelled materials studies and treated as a comprehensive discipline.
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From page 60... ...
The tendency for research in metallurgy is for it to broaden across disciplinary lines, leading university research workers to think more in interdisciplinary terms just as industry has to. For historical reasons, large research schools in metallurgy are often located in centers of the metallurgical industry, thereby enhancing the opportunities for university-industry coupling, although questions are being raised whether there is some overlap and redundancy in the overall metallurgical effort which might be rationalized.
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From page 61... ...
A conscious and sustained effort is required of university staffs to maintain the vitality and advantages of such interdepartmental organizations and to prevent them from recrystallizing into a collection of individual departments with little concern for each other's activities in Materials Studies. There has been a decline in the undergraduate enrollment for metallurgy and materials science courses of 18% over the period 1965-1970, although within this total decline, the enrollment for materials courses has increased fourfold while that for metallurgy alone has declined by 35%.
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From page 62... ...
Materials studies should be a proper, fully integrated and continuing part of any engineering course, whatever the specialist engineering discipline, and not simply regarded as a first year topic to be "got out of the way." Universities wishing to provide courses covering new topics and founded on new integrating principles should do this only if they are confident that they can obtain enough students of high calibre; and they should be ready to suppress these courses if the good students fail to appear in sufficient numbers. In these circumstances, universities might experiment by first providing the broader courses at graduate level following on from a first degree in one of the older established disciplines.
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From page 63... ...
Each National Institute is devoted to a specific technical field usually restricted in scope but pursued at considerable depth. Some Institutes accept graduate students who do thesis work under a professor permanently assigned to the Institute, but more frequently the best graduate students are retained by the parent university.
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From page 64... ...
These are: Department of Metallurgy - Chemical Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering Group - Ferrous Metallurgy; Nonferrous Metallurgy; Electrometallurgy; Corrosion and Protection of Metals and Alloys; Metallurgical Engineering; Chemical Metallurgy. Department of Materials Science Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science Group - Structural Metals and
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From page 67... ...
However, although an express purpose is to offer opportunities, when appropriate, for joint programs and to provide facilities for visiting scientists from other institutions, a strong koza system operates. France Higher education in the materials field is generally carried out in the "grandes ecoles." These are engineering schools into which candidates enter after highly competitive examinations.
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From page 68... ...
8-68 Table 8.9 Fields of Specialization in Higher Education in Franc e Field of Specialization Physics and Chemistry Mechanical Engineering & Metallurgy Electrical Engineering Computer Science Aeronautical Engineering Civil Engineering Textile Agriculture & Agricultural Products Engineering Others Number of Schools 28 14 20 3 8 6 25 7 Students/Year 1,381 1~386 1~903 140 643 128 1~259 152 .
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