Roles of Industry and the University in Computer Research and Development (1982) / Chapter Skim
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From page 3... ...
In attempting to overcome this deficiency, university computer science departments have sometimes involved themselves in substantial development projects. This is not to be discouraged, but universities should remember that when they undertake development projects, their aim must be achieving new levels of understanding of principles basic to the management of important real problems; conceptual simplification and clarification of structured approaches; and transmission of organized ideas and new principles to the larger world.
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From page 4... ...
To satisfy the important unfulfilled requirements of the scientific computing community and the growing needs of robotics research, and also to strengthen the ability of university departments to supply industrial researchers trained to a high standard, university access to computing facilities needs to be improved. The aim should be both to bring more schools up to the industrial Standard and to provide specialized equipment.
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From page 5... ...
In offices and on the production line, computers will be used for control of inventories, video inspection, instruments, machine tools, and a growing array of robot mechanisms. In support of production, computers will be used by reliability engineers, industrial test designers and test groups, cost estimators, and analysts.
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From page 6... ...
Over the past decade, this work has come to be heavily dependent on a growing family of current computer-aided-design products, available from major computer manufacturers and smaller specialist companies. In turn, these software packages make use of many research results, including university work on numerical analysis, special programming languages, and graphics.
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From page 7... ...
industry a competitive advantage in the international marketplace, but recently doubts have been raised with growing frequency about whether the technological excellence and international competitiveness of the U.S. computer industry will continue.
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2. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Industry has shown leadership in the development of integrated circuits.
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From page 9... ...
register allocation procedures. which _ , _ are crucial to the production of high-efficiency code, have come from the connection of the register allocation problem with the well-known graph-coloring problem, and thus the extensive mathematical literature on that apparently abstruse topic has had practical applications.
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From page 10... ...
Examples include time sharing and list processing. Domestic industry has been, and to some extent remains, skeptical of the AI field.
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First, a new model program in large-scale scientific computing at one or two universities could be created with strength in both scientific comDutina and _ _ , ~ _ _ , _ _ · . _ numerical analysis.
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From page 12... ...
For example, COBOL, in wide use for business applications, was developed by a diverse group of hardware vendors. An exception to the general statement that only limited research has been devoted to the problems of data processing is data base management, which is one area where the work of such industrial research centers as the IBM San Jose Laboratory and the Computer Corporation of America has recently attracted university interest and involvement.
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From page 13... ...
Moreover, applications pressures have pushed software designers into involvement with systems of ever-growing complexity, making the refinement of tools for the management of this complexity an abiding developmental concern of the software researcher. Computer science education and systems training have also been concentrated in the developmental area, in response to the central concerns of the marketplace.
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From page 14... ...
Second-order tools, such as program generators, which suggest themselves in these areas, can be built with confidence. mese truths are particularly apparent in the domain of scientific computing.
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From page 15... ...
The importance of object code efficiency was clear to industry from the start, and attempts to optimize it were central to one of the very first major industrial software research efforts -- the development of FORTRAN. Important work on code optimization continued in industry for almost a decade before a series of papers by industrial researchers brought this subject to the active attention of the pure university researchers.
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From page 16... ...
. Many of these managers felt that the currently available means of protecting intellectual property -- patents, copyrights, and trade secrets -- were poorly matched to the needs of the computer industry.
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From page 17... ...
When information needs to be transmitted internally, industry will tend to organize task forces or to transfer personnel rather than to provide textbooks or monographs. Over the long run, this failure to codify and to archive its technical knowledge probably works to the detriment of industry, or at least accentuates the dependence of industry on the university researchers who perform this function.
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