Partnership for Solid-State Lighting Report of a Workshop (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction to Report
Introduction to Report
Pages 1-18
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From page 3... ...
Indeed, it has transformed how people the world over live and work. Yet, Edison was not the first to invent the incandescent bulb; some 20 groups had worked for 40 years to develop a brighter and more reliable light bulb before Edison's eventual success.3 Edison's genius, in retrospect, lay more in developiSee Clayton Christensen, Thomas Craig, and Stuart Hart, "The Great Disruption," Foreign Affairs 80(2)
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For widespread adoption of this technology to occur common standards will need to be developed on sockets, electrical supplies, and control interfaces.6 To achieve these common objectives, some form of cooperation is necessary. One approach would be to encourage further cooperative research among universities, government laboratones, and private research centers as a cost-effective means of expediting this development and encouraging additional research and collaboration on industry standards.7 With this objective in mind, a National Academy of Sciences report recommends a national initiative in lighting.
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Government-industry partnerships can help overcome these challenges if they are properly structured and effectively ledge Previous elements of a multi-year, program-based study by the Committee for Government-Industry Partnerships have suggested that consortia can be an effective means to reduce costs, share information, and help accelerate technological innovation by coordinating pre-competitive research and collaboration on the development of common standards. ii Collaborative efforts to bring solid-state lighting to the marketplace may help U.S.
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as examples. Current applications of LEDs include: · Traffic Lights: The long lifetimes and efficiency of LED s make them particularly well suited to the job of regulating traffic.~3 · Automobile brake lights: LED s improve auto safety because they turn i2Estimates of reduced energy use and resulting savings are drawn from the workshop presentation of Charles Becker of General Electric.
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· Retail signs and lighting: Retailers are experimenting with LED lighting designs.~7 Channel LED systems are beginning to replace neon signs for lettenng. They promise a rapid return on investment because of their very low maintenance costs and higher energy savings.
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22 The internal efficiency of some devices is about double that of a standard 60-watt incandescent bulb. · Cool operation: Solid-state lighting devices today convert approximately 25 to 35 percent of electrical energy to light with the rest dissipated as heat.23 By comparison, the efficiency rate for incandescent bulbs is only about 5 percent.24 · Long Life: A typical incandescent bulb lasts about 1,000 hours; a red or yellow LED can last more than 100 times as long.25 · Small size: LED s and OLEDs do not require bulky sockets or fixtures.
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29One assumption implicit in some of the workshop presentations is that solid-state lighting, by replacing less efficient lighting devices, would yield significant gross energy savings. A more complete analysis of the widespread use of solid-state lighting would have to consider the net dynamic impact of this new technology.
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Economic opportunity: The first companies to bring products to the general illumination market will help set standards, create jobs, and establish market share in the solid-state lighting industry. The global market for lamp products is valued at some $12 billion, including incandescent, fluorescent, and halogen technologies.32 The display market in solid-state lighting is alone thought to be worth some $50 billion a year in the near future.33 · Enhancement of national security: Solid-state lighting devices offer major advantages to military systems because they are small, safe, lightweight, reliable, cool, and resistant to heat and ionizing radiation.
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37. A major challenge in expanding broad based consumer acceptance of solid-state lighting is the technical mission of producing sources of white light that are bright, natural in appearance, and economical.
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As Dr. Chipalkatti noted in his workshop presentation, the perceived inhibitive expense of LED s is "almost a psychological factor." Although the energy savings over the long lifetimes of LED s are expected to far outweigh their higher initial costs, recent studies of consumer acceptance of compact fluorescent lighting, thought to be more broadly indicative, shows that consumers, in comparison shopping based on the retail cost of a lighting device, are likely to choose the cheaper light bulb, even if it is the overall less efficient option.39 Such a mindset, noted, Dr.
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This was one of the key points of workshop presentations and discussions. observed that consumers found that compact fluorescent lighting devices were often incompatible with many standard fittings, were not dimmable, were thought to be unattractive, and users were unclear about where to use them or why.
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He further noted that costs are high, rising each time by a factor of three. He cited the need for a common effort to develop breakthroughs in order for solid-state lighting technologies to become competitive and have an impact on national energy savings.
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In particular, the development of common standards and platform technologies will be required to reduce costs, encourage widespread commercial use, and thereby capture the societal benefits of the technology.42 Realizing Better Energy Efficiency Another stimulus for a lighting consortium comes from considerations of energy efficiency.
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arge-scale replacement of lamps for general-purpose illumination are not expected for a decade or two because of the difficulty in making white LED s efficient and cost-competitive."44 Roland Haitz estimates that the U.S. lighting industry, left on its own, will advance LED s only enough to control about one-tenth of the lighting market by 2025.
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are arguably best understood by the industry in close cooperation with universities and government research laboratories. 47To be sure, some specifics relating to the circumstances faced by firms in the semiconductor industry at the time of SEMATECH's birth differ from the realities faced by firms in the optoelectronics industry.
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From page 18... ...
18 PARTNERSHIPS FOR SOLID STATE LIGHTING THE SOLID-STATE LIGHTING WORKSHOP As recommended by the previous Academy report by the Committee on Optical Science and Engineering, enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of new lighting sources and delivery systems to realize broad-based societal benefits will require a cooperative, cost-shared approach to public-private R&D support. This report of a workshop builds on this previous analysis and highlights a variety of specific technical, infrastructure, and marketing challenges that many experts believe must be overcome before the economic and social benefits of solid-state lighting can be realized.
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