Review of the NARSTO Draft Report NARSTO Assessment of the Atmospheric Science on Particulate Matter (2002) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Attachment B: Line-By-Line Comments
Attachment B: Line-By-Line Comments
Pages 60-85
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 60... ...
The committee does not think you are really talking about "interactions between PM and issues." Page ES-S, lines 15-24: Should this paragraph also mention Mexico City? Page ES-9, lines l-2: Because many readers will read only the executive summary, you should spell out all abbreviations or otherwise explain what they mean.
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From page 61... ...
Page ES-12, lines 22-23: Evaporative emissions (from vehicles, paints, solvents, and so on) are also substantial sources of organic carbon.
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From page 62... ...
, and they are not generally included in lists of "gases." Page ES-37, line 24: "characteristics in" should be "characteristics of." Page ES-3S, line 22: Off-road mobile sources should be mentioned; they are not generally included with "transportation." Page ES-39, line 22: What does "open" sources mean? Page ES-39, line 27: "insure" should be "ensure." Page ES-4l, line 26: The committee believes that it should read "20% of the organic mass of particles" rather than "20% of organics in particulate matter." Because we cannot speciate it, we do not know what portion of the organic species we can measure.
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From page 63... ...
Page 1-3, lines 4-6: Although it is true that the bulk of coarse PM mass comprises crustal materials, it is worth noting that it also contains PM that is not of crustal origin, such as roadsurface wear particles, tire and brake wear particles, and vegetation detritus. Indeed, much of urban "road dust" is not crustal in origin.
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From page 64... ...
CHAPTER 2 Page 2-l, lines 23-24: Language is awkward. Page 2-l, lines 26-28: Sentence implies that ammonium nitrate homogeneously nucleates rather than forming heterogeneously on pre-existing particles; this has not been demonstrated.
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From page 65... ...
Page 2-19, lines 17-19: There is a minor logical problem. Sulfate reduction does not directly result in "freed" ammonium; without the sulfate, ammonia would not have been in the ammonium form.
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From page 66... ...
Page 3-7, line 24: Delete the gap between "PM" and subscript "10" and between "PM" and subscript "2.5." Page 3-8, line 2: Change "are not necessarily relevant to the vapors that are believed to produce secondary organic carbon" to "are unlikely precursors of secondary organic carbon particulate matter." Page 3-9, Table 3.3: Check the numbers listed under "Open Sources" and "Fugitive Dust"; footnote 2 indicates that fugitive dust is part of open sources, but the values for fugitive dust under "Pnmary EMS" and "Primary PM2 5" for the United States and Canada are larger than the values for open sources. The last column, fugitive dust is listed as contributing "4322" to NH3 for the United States?
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From page 67... ...
Page 3-38, line 8: The committee suggests checking with the Mexican authorities about Mexican laws concerning disclosure of industrial pollution reported to the government.
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From page 68... ...
The committee suggests deleting the phrase "along with more traditional sources." CHAPTER 4 Page 4-7: The descriptions of the different types of size-selective inlets would benefit from simple diagrams. The descnptions are fine for those who are already familiar with the inlets; for those who are less familiar, the text descriptions do not adequately descnbe how the inlets work.
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From page 69... ...
Page 5-7, Section 5.3: This section identifies eight "different" North American regions. Chapter 10, which is the other major chapter with strong policy relevance, identifies nine, separating Los Angeles and the San Joaquin Valley.
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From page 70... ...
It is also important to mention that in Mexico PM exposure is now worse than it was 50 years ago. Page 5-47: There is inconsistency between the statement that PM in California "is dominated by ammonium nitrate and carbon compounds" and the earlier statement that the Grand Canyon gets a substantial fraction of its sulfate from California.
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From page 71... ...
Page 6-~l, table legend: Oft "my state that all methods." Page 6-14, lines I-2: Oft "It is the responsibility of the modeler, not the CMB model, to evaluate" and change the remaining part to "The CMB uncertainties and performance measures and such other data as emission inventories should be evaluated." Page 6-~S, paragraph 2, line 4: "depending upon size."
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From page 72... ...
The profile contains many of the same.... Page 6-22, legend: Change "wood burning from typical of Denver" to "wood burning typical of Denver." Page 6-32, line 3: "before, during and after the peak gives." Page 6-34, lines 15-16: Change "improved catalyst performance and these were linked, using an aerosol evolution approach, to secondary nitrate and organic aerosol in the ambient PM2.5." to "improved catalyst performance.
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From page 73... ...
These methods are heavily dependent on the measurements available, and quantitative apportionment is seldom accurate when applied to measurements that have not been taken for this specific purpose. Receptor methods have strengths and weaknesses.
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From page 74... ...
Page 6-52, Section 6.6.1.1, line 1: Omit "This can be done reasonably well." Page 6-52, Section 6.6.1.l, line 3: Omit ", rather than absolute,". Page 6-52, Section 6.6.1.3, line 2: Replace "inorganic secondary material" with "inorganic primary material", the inorganic secondary components have been named earlier (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium)
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From page 75... ...
Page 7-~: Some mention should be made of on-line models, i.e., those models in which the chemistry, emissions, deposition, and other air quality algorithms are embedded in the meteorology code and thus can make full use of the meteorology at the highest spatial and temporal resolution. Although such models are not yet widely used, they look to be the future of CTM development and therefore warrant at least a brief discussion.
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From page 76... ...
and anatomic differences among the airways of individuals, in addition to particle size and hygroscopicity. Page 7-32, lines 31-32: The concentrations in motor vehicles will also depend on the number, type, and emission rates of the other vehicles on the road that contribute to the air parcel encountered by the vehicle of concern and to wind direction and speed.
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From page 77... ...
Furthermore, the importance (or lack thereof) of the distinction between PM of ambient and nonambient origin with respect to epidemiology should be described; for example, that there are substantial exposures to PM of ambient origin does not mean that ambient-PM epidemiology is invalid.
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From page 78... ...
Page 8- 1 0, paragraph 1: Although aerodynamic size ceases to be important after deposition has occurred, physical size remains important. Physical size of poorly soluble PM can affect its disposition.
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From page 79... ...
evaluate the relationship between community estimates and personal exposures. Is this really something in which atmospheric and health scientists need to interact?
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From page 80... ...
Page S-19, paragraph I, line 10: It can be argued that the "challenge" also includes improved understanding of the relationship between source and ambient concentration. Page 8-20: There have been some initial, provocative attempts to address the issue of the heterogeneity of effect estimates with PM epidemiologicstudies (lanssen et al.
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From page 81... ...
Page 9-S, line 2: It should be "Figure 9.4," not "Figure 2.4." Page 9-l 3, Figure 9.5: The source of the figure, or the infonnation in the figure is not given in the figure legend. Page 9-16, line 16: Define "ASOS." Visibility information is also given by AWOS (automated weather observation system tor service, ~ don't remember which]
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From page 82... ...
· - . Actual del ~onocimiento ~ientitlco de la contaminaclon del Alre en el Valle de Mexico (or "Current State of Air Pollution Science in the Valley of Mexico." MIT-Integrated Program on Urban, Regional and Global Air Pollution Report No.
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From page 83... ...
Page ~ ~ -2: Somewhere under the general heading of recommendation 2, the list of research needs should include better information on the surface chemistry of poorly soluble PM. Unless the PM is soluble, cells do not "care" about bulk chemistry, but about surface chemistry.
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From page 84... ...
Page 1 1-4, Science need 5.1: "Data is" should be "Data are." Page 1 1-4, Science need 5.3: "Between" should be "Among." Page 1 1-4, line 4: Change "understanding of properties" to "understanding of chemical and physical properties." Page 1 1-5, line 2: Organic aerosols should be reduced because oftheir potential health effects and not just because they contribute to some extent to PM mass. Page 11-6, line 23: A recent laboratory study (Bertram, A.K, A.V.
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From page 85... ...
APPENDIX A Page A6, line 6: Suggest reading CAM (2001) and Molina and Molina (2002)
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